{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T03:52:12Z","timestamp":1777521132345,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,1]],"date-time":"1999-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":920246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Paraphrenia is a disorder similar to paranoid schizophrenia but with better-preserved affect and rapport and much less personality deterioration. It is now diagnosed relatively infrequently and is not listed in the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) or International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). However, it appears that some psychiatrists recognize the illness but label it \u201catypical psychosis,\u201d \u201cschizoaffective disorder,\u201d or \u201cdelusional disorder\u201d for lack of a better diagnostic category. Virtually no systematic research on paraphrenia has been conducted in the past 60 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors distinguish paraphrenia from \u201clate paraphrenia,\u201d a diagnosis used mainly in the United Kingdom, and provide a neo-Kraepelinian description of paraphrenia that would be compatible with the formats of DSM-IV and ICD-10. Using a questionnaire adapted from this description, intake cases in 2 Canadian psychiatric centres (Ottawa [Ontario] and Dartmouth [Nova Scotia]) were surveyed. Cases of paraphrenia were distinguished from those of schizophrenia and delusional disorder and were examined at the time of intake and immediately prior to discharge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For logistical reasons, collecting a totally consecutive series was not possible. However, during an 18-month period, investigators in both centres identified 33 cases closely fitting paraphrenia. The outstanding features of these cases are enumerated, and an outline description of paraphrenia is derived.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is possible to define and recognize paraphrenia; it is a viable diagnostic entity. Further research would benefit paraphrenia and schizophrenia patients. Cases in this study have been coded to permit follow-up investigations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379904400202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,5]],"date-time":"2017-01-05T21:46:03Z","timestamp":1483652763000},"page":"133-137","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Paraphrenia Redefined"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Arun V","family":"Ravindran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Director of Research, Royal Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lakshmi N","family":"Yatham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Staff Psychiatrist, University Hospital, University of British Columbia Site, Vancouver, British Columbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alistair","family":"Munro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-070674379904400202","volume-title":"Manic depressive insanity and paranoia","author":"Kraepelin E","year":"1976"},{"key":"bibr2-070674379904400202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379103600908"},{"key":"bibr3-070674379904400202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.930070803"},{"key":"bibr4-070674379904400202","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1987","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr5-070674379904400202","first-page":"13","volume":"38","author":"Williams JBW","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hospital and Community Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr6-070674379904400202","unstructured":"Anderson EW, Trethowan WH. Psychiatry. 3rd ed. London: Bailli\u00e9re Tindall; 1973. p 165."},{"key":"bibr7-070674379904400202","unstructured":"Arieti S. Interpretation of schizophrenia. New York: Brunner Mazel; 1955. p 11."},{"key":"bibr8-070674379904400202","unstructured":"Curran D, Partridge M. Psychological medicine. 6th ed. Edinburgh: Livingstone; 1969. p 190."},{"key":"bibr9-070674379904400202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700039969"},{"key":"bibr10-070674379904400202","volume-title":"Dementia praecox or the group of schizophrenias","author":"Bleuler E","year":"1950"},{"key":"bibr11-070674379904400202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000284483"},{"key":"bibr12-070674379904400202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02897397"},{"key":"bibr13-070674379904400202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.151.2.268"},{"key":"bibr14-070674379904400202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.145.11.1446"},{"key":"bibr15-070674379904400202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.146.6.816-a"},{"key":"bibr16-070674379904400202","first-page":"91","volume-title":"Troublesome disguises: Underdiagnosed psychiatric syndromes","author":"Munro A","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr17-070674379904400202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.164.5.581"},{"key":"bibr18-070674379904400202","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr19-070674379904400202","volume-title":"Delusional hypochondriasis. Clarke Institute of Psychiatry Monograph Series #5","author":"Munro A","year":"1982"},{"key":"bibr20-070674379904400202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(18)30050-9"}],"container-title":["The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/070674379904400202","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/070674379904400202","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:13:32Z","timestamp":1777392812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/070674379904400202"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/070674379904400202"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/070674379904400202","relation":{},"ISSN":["0706-7437","1497-0015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0706-7437","type":"print"},{"value":"1497-0015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]}}}