{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T03:52:01Z","timestamp":1777521121814,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,1]],"date-time":"1999-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":920246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the identification of psychiatric disorder as informed by parents versus teachers in children aged 6\u201311 years and parents versus adolescents in youth aged 12\u201316 years in clinic versus community samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Study data come from parallel surveys in Hamilton, Ontario, of children aged 6\u201316 years. The surveys included consecutive referrals (N = 1150) between 1989 and 1991 to the region's 2 agencies providing outpatient child mental health services. Also, a simple random sample (N = 1689) was used, drawn in 1989 from students attending public schools. Conduct disorder, hyperactivity, emotional disorder, and somatization disorder were assessed by informants using the original Ontario Child Health Study scales.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The percentage of children identified with a disorder was markedly higher in the clinic sample, irrespective of the type of disorder, the age and sex of the child, and who provided the assessment. Also, there was a statistically significant differential shift between parents and teachers in the percentage of children identified with disorder. The ratio of children aged 6\u201311 years identified with conduct disorder or hyperactivity by parents versus teachers was higher in the clinic sample than in the community sample. Among youth aged 12\u201316 years, a similar pattern emerged for parents as informants versus the adolescents themselves, but it was statistically nonsignificant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The data suggest that the relative contribution of informants to the identification of childhood psychiatric disorder varies by sample type: clinic and community. If risk factors for child disorder are influenced by contextually specific factors wedded to informants, then studies conducted in clinic versus community samples may lead to discrepant information about the determinants of psychopathology. The extent of this problem needs to be assessed by comparing the results of parallel studies conducted in clinic versus community samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379904400204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,5]],"date-time":"2017-01-05T21:46:03Z","timestamp":1483652763000},"page":"144-150","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Identification of Childhood Psychiatric Disorder by Informant: Comparisons of Clinic and Community Samples"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Roderick J","family":"MacLeod","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chief of Service, Psychiatry, Chedoke Child &amp; Family Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation"},{"name":"Professor, Department of Psychiatry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane E","family":"McNamee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Associate, Chedoke Child &amp; Family Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, Hamilton, Ontario"},{"name":"Member, Centre for Studies of Children at Risk, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation &amp; Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael H","family":"Boyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Psychiatry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario"},{"name":"Member, Centre for Studies of Children at Risk, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation &amp; Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David R","family":"Offord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Psychiatry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario"},{"name":"Research Director, Chedoke Child &amp; Family Centre; Director, Centre for Studies of Children at Risk, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation &amp; Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marjorie","family":"Friedrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Assistant, Chedoke Child &amp; Family Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, Centre for Studies of Children at Risk, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation &amp; Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00878.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00227.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199611000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.2.197"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1993.tb00979.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379303800605"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1545-5300.1988.00097.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1987.01800210084013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199209000-00021"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1987.01800210078012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1165983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"79","article-title":"Child psychiatric epidemiology: What we have learned and what we need to learn","volume":"5","author":"Canino G","year":"1995","unstructured":"Canino G, Bird HR, Rubio-Stipec M, Bravo M. 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