{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T03:51:53Z","timestamp":1777521113410,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,12,1]],"date-time":"1999-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":944006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Findings from the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), the MTA, have been much discussed but frequently misinterpreted or mischaracterized. Misinterpretations regarding the specific nature of and rationale for the study design, the effectiveness of the behavioural treatment arm, the possible advantages of combined treatments over single-component (medication management or behavioural therapy) interventions, and the feasibility and applicability of MTA treatments for \u201creal-world\u201dpractitioners are addressed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Careful interpretation of the MTA findings suggests that for ADHD symptoms, carefully crafted medication-management approaches are superior to behavioural treatment and to routine community care that includes medication. For non-ADHD areas of functioning (for example, social skills, academic performance), combined treatments may offer modest advantages over single-component approaches. Longer-term outcomes past 14 months of intensive MTA treatments (as well as their relative effectiveness with respect to each other) remain unknown, pending further MTA analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The MTA treatments by and large consisted of evidence-based \u201cbest practices.\u201d Thus, rather than characterizing these treatments as in-feasible, the substantially superior outcomes of these treatments (versus routine clinical care) across diverse settings should help set the standard for future treatment practices in real-world settings. Despite important study limitations, the MTA study, by virtue of its size, scope, and length; parallel-groups design; explicit use of manualized, evidence-based treatments; and comprehensive range of outcome assessments sets an important benchmark for future trials testing new treatments for childhood ADHD and defines a new standard for optimal outcomes that can be achieved with the best of clinical care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379904401003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,5]],"date-time":"2017-01-05T22:16:14Z","timestamp":1483654574000},"page":"975-980","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Fact versus Fancy concerning the Multimodal Treatment Study for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Peter S","family":"Jensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Director, National Institute of Mental Health; on special assignment to the Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-070674379904401003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-4881-2_11"},{"key":"bibr2-070674379904401003","volume-title":"The treatment of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: An evidence report","author":"McMaster University Evidence-based Practice Center","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr3-070674379904401003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199508000-00008"},{"key":"bibr4-070674379904401003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199604000-00008"},{"key":"bibr5-070674379904401003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001440299306000209"},{"key":"bibr6-070674379904401003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.98.6.1084"},{"key":"bibr7-070674379904401003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/108705479900300102"},{"key":"bibr8-070674379904401003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830210113015"},{"key":"bibr9-070674379904401003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/108705479700100403"},{"key":"bibr10-070674379904401003","unstructured":"MTA Cooperative Group. A 14-month randomized clinical trial of treatment strategies. Arch Gen Psychiatry. Forthcoming."},{"key":"bibr11-070674379904401003","unstructured":"MTA Cooperative Group. The MTA Study of treatment strategies for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Mediators and moderators of outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry. Forthcoming."},{"key":"bibr12-070674379904401003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199610000-00017"},{"key":"bibr13-070674379904401003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830210105014"},{"key":"bibr14-070674379904401003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199903000-00014"},{"key":"bibr15-070674379904401003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.62.1.100"},{"key":"bibr16-070674379904401003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/108705479700200203"},{"key":"bibr17-070674379904401003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00916549"},{"key":"bibr18-070674379904401003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.61.3.506"},{"key":"bibr19-070674379904401003","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","author":"Hechtman L","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr20-070674379904401003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199710001-00007"},{"key":"bibr21-070674379904401003","first-page":"311","volume-title":"Psychosocial treatment research of child and adolescent disorders","author":"Pelham WE","year":"1996"}],"container-title":["The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/070674379904401003","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/070674379904401003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:13:30Z","timestamp":1777392810000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/070674379904401003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/070674379904401003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/070674379904401003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0706-7437","1497-0015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0706-7437","type":"print"},{"value":"1497-0015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]}}}