{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:26:38Z","timestamp":1792794398664,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,12,1]],"date-time":"1999-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":944006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aggressive behaviour, defined as sudden, explosive outbursts of rage, has been reported as a clinical problem in approximately 23% to 40% of Tourette syndrome (TS) patients (1\u20135). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD) are also reported in 50% to 70% of TS patients (6).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate whether aggressive behaviour was associated with TS directly or found primarily in TS with comorbid ADHD or OCD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aggressive behaviour in 33 nonmedicated patients with TS (ages 6 to 14 years) and 6 healthy control subjects (ages 7 to 12 years) was examined by semistructured interview and multiinformant questionnaires.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aggression subscales on Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) completed by parents and Teacher's Report Form (TRF) completed by teachers distinguished the TS-only and control groups from the group with TS + Comorbidity (P &lt; 0.046, and P &lt; 0.016) after adjusting for tic severity and age. The conduct disorder subscale on the Conners Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) was also significantly higher (P &lt; 0.005) in the TS + comorbidity group than in the TS-only or control groups, with more problems reported in the older children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings provide additional evidence that aggressive behaviour observed in children with TS may be associated with comorbid ADHD or OCD (6), independent of tic severity or age. This is consistent with the clinical observation that most TS patients have only minimal symptoms, which do not interfere with their daily functioning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379904401010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,5]],"date-time":"2017-01-05T22:16:14Z","timestamp":1483654574000},"page":"1036-1042","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Aggressive Behaviour in Children with Tourette Syndrome and Comorbid Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Obsessive\u2014Compulsive Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Robyn J","family":"Stephens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fellow, Department of Psychiatry, The Toronto Hospital Western Division, PhD Candidate, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Sandor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director, Tourette Syndrome Clinic, The Toronto Hospital Western Division, Associate Professor, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-8994(89)90008-8"},{"key":"bibr2-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199407000-00004"},{"key":"bibr3-070674379904401010","first-page":"151","volume-title":"Tourette's syndrome and tic disorders: Clinical understanding and treatment","author":"Riddle M","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr4-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(05)80010-7"},{"key":"bibr5-070674379904401010","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Tourette's syndrome and tic disorders: Clinical understanding and treatment","author":"Comings D","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr6-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.4.958"},{"key":"bibr7-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1998.tb15379.x","volume":"40","author":"Mason A","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"bibr8-070674379904401010","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-III-R)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1987","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr9-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.12.1625"},{"key":"bibr10-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1986.01800120063012"},{"key":"bibr11-070674379904401010","volume-title":"Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome","author":"Shapiro AK","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr12-070674379904401010","first-page":"457","volume":"15","author":"Packer LE","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurologic Clinics of North America"},{"key":"bibr13-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379504000109"},{"key":"bibr14-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1063868"},{"key":"bibr15-070674379904401010","first-page":"275","volume":"51","author":"Comings DE","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr16-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.74.12.1310"},{"key":"bibr17-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(18)31117-4"},{"key":"bibr18-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01342750"},{"key":"bibr19-070674379904401010","volume-title":"Tourette Syndrome and human behavior","author":"Comings DE","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr20-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738950100S112"},{"key":"bibr21-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00406"},{"key":"bibr22-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00415"},{"key":"bibr23-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-197410000-00007"},{"key":"bibr24-070674379904401010","first-page":"435","volume":"37","author":"Comings DE","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"bibr25-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v59n1103"},{"key":"bibr26-070674379904401010","volume-title":"Manual for the child behavior checklist\/4\u201318 and 1991 profile","author":"Achenbach TM","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr27-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1993.00540070045013"},{"key":"bibr28-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.1.14"},{"key":"bibr29-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199401000-00002"},{"key":"bibr30-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.53.2.127"},{"key":"bibr31-070674379904401010","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Children with Tourette syndrome: A parents' guide","author":"Hansen CR","year":"1992"},{"key":"bibr32-070674379904401010","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr33-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1996.00550070018003"},{"key":"bibr34-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1997.00550170007004"},{"key":"bibr35-070674379904401010","volume-title":"Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children - epidemiologic version (K-SADS-E), Version 5","author":"Orvaschel H","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr36-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1985.01790300064008"},{"key":"bibr37-070674379904401010","volume-title":"Manual for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children","author":"Wechsler D","year":"1991","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr38-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164489491013"},{"key":"bibr39-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810110048007"},{"key":"bibr40-070674379904401010","unstructured":"Conners CK. Ratings scales for use in drug studies with children. Psychopharmacol Bull 1973;24\u201384."},{"key":"bibr41-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00915950"},{"key":"bibr42-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198907000-00015"},{"key":"bibr43-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-618X.1976.tb00759.x"},{"key":"bibr44-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1997.00550160101023"},{"key":"bibr45-070674379904401010","volume-title":"Innovations in clinical practice: A source book","author":"Conners CK","year":"1982"},{"key":"bibr46-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.142.5.613"},{"key":"bibr47-070674379904401010","first-page":"277","volume":"15","author":"Coffey BJ","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurologic Clinics of North America"},{"key":"bibr48-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.3.2.157"},{"key":"bibr49-070674379904401010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.9.2.157"}],"container-title":["The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/070674379904401010","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/070674379904401010","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:13:32Z","timestamp":1777392812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/070674379904401010"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/070674379904401010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/070674379904401010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0706-7437","1497-0015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0706-7437","type":"print"},{"value":"1497-0015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]}}}