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Data were from an 18-year prospective cohort from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (1998\/1999, N = 1072 to 2016, N = 175). Frailty was defined as \u22653 criteria: unintentional weight loss of &gt;10 pounds, weakness, exhaustion, low physical activity, and slowness. VI was defined as difficulty in recognizing a friend at arm\u2019s length\u2019s away, across the room, or across the street. We found that participants with VI (near or distant) and distant VI had greater odds of frailty (near or distant VI, OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.30\u20132.73 and distant VI, OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.34\u20132.86, respectively) after controlling for covariates over time. Early screening (optimal management) of VI may prevent or delay onset of frailty among older Mexican Americans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/07334648241231374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T18:35:21Z","timestamp":1709058921000},"page":"755-764","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Vision Impairment and Frailty Among Mexican American Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6958-2641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mandi L.","family":"Sonnenfeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety (IQuEST), Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4742-4380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monique R.","family":"Pappadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Health Disparities, School of Public and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA"},{"name":"Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy A.","family":"Reistetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mukaila A.","family":"Raji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Ottenbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0681-4641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soham","family":"Al Snih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Health Disparities, School of Public and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA"},{"name":"Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA"},{"name":"Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-07334648241231374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12805"},{"key":"bibr2-07334648241231374","volume-title":"Eye disease statistics","author":"American Academy of Ophthalmology","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr3-07334648241231374","volume-title":"How your eyes change with age","author":"Association for the Advancement of Retired Persons","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr4-07334648241231374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glv133"},{"key":"bibr5-07334648241231374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-011-0104-7"},{"key":"bibr6-07334648241231374","volume-title":"Behavioral risk surveillance system","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2021"},{"key":"bibr7-07334648241231374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12397"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr8-07334648241231374","first-page":"S45.e1","volume":"154","author":"Chou C.-F.","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bibr9-07334648241231374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62167-9"},{"key":"bibr10-07334648241231374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-014-0181-7"},{"key":"bibr11-07334648241231374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264315624909"},{"key":"bibr12-07334648241231374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glab157"},{"key":"bibr13-07334648241231374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0034-7167.2016690411i"},{"key":"bibr14-07334648241231374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"bibr15-07334648241231374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/59.3.M255"},{"key":"bibr16-07334648241231374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146"},{"key":"bibr17-07334648241231374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-815"},{"key":"bibr18-07334648241231374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01768-w"},{"key":"bibr19-07334648241231374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107042"},{"key":"bibr20-07334648241231374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-006188"},{"key":"bibr21-07334648241231374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03365-0"},{"key":"bibr22-07334648241231374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10542"},{"key":"bibr23-07334648241231374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16104"},{"issue":"11","key":"bibr24-07334648241231374","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2017-209207","volume":"71","author":"Liljas A. 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