{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T15:37:51Z","timestamp":1788536271684,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751932800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Florida State University First Year Assistant Professor (FYAP) grant program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Appl Gerontol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                      To examine the association between educational attainment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related dementias (ADRD) risk among U.S.-born and non-U.S.-born Black adults.\n                      <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                      We conducted a retrospective cohort study using survey and electronic health record data from the All of Us Research Program. ADRD cases were identified using ICD-9\/10 codes. Propensity score matching was applied to balance demographic and socioeconomic factors between U.S.-born and non-U.S.-born Black adults aged 65 and older (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1412 per group).\n                      <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                      After matching, ADRD prevalence was higher among non-U.S.-born Black adults (8.1%) than U.S.-born Black adults (7.2%). Among non-U.S.-born Black individuals, higher education was associated with lower ADRD prevalence (7.4% with college + vs. 10.7% with high school or less).\n                      <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                      Educational attainment may confer differential protective effects against ADRD by nativity. Findings highlight the need to consider nativity, educational context, and early-life structural factors to reduce disparities in cognitive aging and guide targeted ADRD prevention.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/07334648251359005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T06:59:44Z","timestamp":1751957984000},"page":"985-995","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Educational Attainment and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) Risk Among Black Adults: A Comparative Analysis of U.S.-Born and Non-U.S.-born Populations in the\n                    <i>All of Us<\/i>\n                    Research Program"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6644-4179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yijiong","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, Florida State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, Florida State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darcy","family":"Ravndal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, Florida State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8737-0095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Setor Kofi","family":"Sorkpor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, Florida State University"},{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Sciences"},{"name":"Florida State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_1","volume-title":"Consent to join the all of us research program","author":"All of Us Research Program","year":"2021","unstructured":"All of Us Research Program. 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