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Data were collected at baseline and at a 9-year follow-up. A multinomial regression model was run and controlled for socioeconomic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many participants (41.6%) had dysphagia symptoms. Dysphagia symptoms were associated with physical pre-frailty (RR = 2.37, 95%CI 1.02\u20135.50) and frailty (RR = 3.64, 95%CI 1.01\u201313.21).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dysphagia symptoms are associated with an increased likelihood of incident physical pre-frailty and frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Thus, early multidisciplinary identification of dysphagia symptoms in older adults can help prevent pre-frailty and frailty in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/07334648251364574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T12:29:37Z","timestamp":1754396977000},"page":"1257-1265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Are Dysphagia Symptoms Associated With Physical Pre-frailty and Frailty in Older Adults?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2347-8272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle Akemi","family":"Neves-Xavier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of Campinas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita Liberalesso","family":"Neri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of Campinas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1813-996X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"de Assump\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of Campinas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0363-5186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vin\u00edcius Nagy","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of Campinas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9757-9458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta de Oliveira","family":"M\u00e1ximo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8554-8638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tha\u00eds Barros Pereira","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3791-9793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago da Silva","family":"Alexandre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos"},{"name":"Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4361-4152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia Figueiredo","family":"Mour\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of Campinas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53886\/gga.e0210051"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S107750"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940811701210"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2003000500014"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-006-9051-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-019-1273-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178383"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S2317-17822013.05000012"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2011.01182.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12700"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12578"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.12.2.277"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00020840-199812000-00008"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_7_17_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Translation and cultural adaptation of the Minnesota Leisure Time Activities Questionnaire in community-dwelling older people","volume":"5","author":"Lustosa L. 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