{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T11:07:13Z","timestamp":1779188833725,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Social Science Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) Insight Development Grant","award":["430-2024-0110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["430-2024-0110"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Appl Gerontol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Homebound status increasingly emerges as a critical social and health concern among older adults. Recognized as a \u201chard-to-reach\u201d group, there is a need to better understand how to define and identify homebound older adults. Using the Arksey and O\u2019Malley framework (2005), we searched eight databases with a librarian-guided strategy. Two authors independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts, and extracted data based on set criteria. We included 19 studies that define homebound status through factors such as the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">duration and frequency of confinement<\/jats:italic>\n                    ;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">consequences of physical, social, or cognitive impairments;<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">those needing assistance<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Researchers identify homebound individuals through health records, outpatient clinics, reports from family, neighbors, or community agencies like Meals on Wheels. Challenges include over-reliance on convenience and snowball sampling, as well as time constraints that limit the ability of researchers and clinicians to systematically identify those missing clinical appointments. A framework is needed to guide a formal identification.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/07334648261424947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T18:30:39Z","timestamp":1773253839000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["How Are Homebound Older Adults Identified? Definitions, Approaches, and Challenges\u2014A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9777-1657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peace","family":"Kumapayi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"York University"},{"name":"Emerging Researchers and Professionals in Aging-African Network, Toronto Canada & Abuja, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Blessing Ugochi","family":"Ojembe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Researchers and Professionals in Aging-African Network, Toronto Canada & Abuja, Nigeria"},{"name":"University of Manitoba"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Grenier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ethan","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hertfordshire"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chukwuebuka Prince","family":"Onyekere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York University"},{"name":"Emerging Researchers and Professionals in Aging-African Network, Toronto Canada & Abuja, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benita","family":"Ugwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Researchers and Professionals in Aging-African Network, Toronto Canada & Abuja, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ravjyot","family":"Ughra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2070-2213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael E.","family":"Kalu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York University"},{"name":"Emerging Researchers and Professionals in Aging-African Network, Toronto Canada & Abuja, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/07334648211040383"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2741"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.03172.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2011.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/19404921-20091029-01"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17795"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-12-369398-5\/00095-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089198870101400306"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/00989134-20210624-01"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igac040"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-037528"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.750609"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_1","article-title":"Outcome measures comparing two tools for identifying audiological needs in the elderly homebound population","author":"Jupiter T. 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