{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T00:19:41Z","timestamp":1793319581612,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]],"date-time":"2014-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415750400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Waste Manag Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Vacuum metallurgy separation (VMS) is a technically feasible method to recover Pb, Cd and other heavy metals from crushed e-wastes. To further determine the environmental impacts and safety of this method, heavy metals exposure, noise and thermal safety in the ambiance of a vacuum metallurgy separation system are evaluated in this article. The mass concentrations of total suspended particulate (TSP) and PM\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    are 0.1503 and 0.0973\u2009mg\u2009m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n                    near the facilities. The concentrations of Pb, Cd and Sn in TSP samples are 0.0104, 0.1283 and 0.0961 \u03bcg\u2009m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n                    , respectively. Health risk assessments show that the hazard index of Pb is 3.25 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    and that of Cd is 1.09 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Carcinogenic risk of Cd through inhalation is 1.08 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>\n                    . The values of the hazard index and risk indicate that Pb and Cd will not cause non-cancerous effects or carcinogenic risk on workers. The noise sources are mainly the mechanical vacuum pump and the water cooling pump. Both of them have the noise levels below 80\u2009dB (A). The thermal safety assessment shows that the temperatures of the vacuum metallurgy separation system surface are all below 303\u2009K after adopting the circulated water cooling and heat insulation measures. This study provides the environmental information of the vacuum metallurgy separation system, which is of assistance to promote the industrialisation of vacuum metallurgy separation for recovering heavy metals from e-wastes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242x14557378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]],"date-time":"2014-11-12T22:25:50Z","timestamp":1415831150000},"page":"1247-1253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Assessment of heavy metals exposure, noise and thermal safety in the ambiance of a vacuum metallurgy separation system for recycling heavy metals from crushed e-wastes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Lu","family":"Zhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenming","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0734242X14557378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4878(00)00051-X"},{"key":"bibr2-0734242X14557378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2005.03.026"},{"key":"bibr3-0734242X14557378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2010.07.040"},{"key":"bibr4-0734242X14557378","first-page":"45","volume":"6","author":"Bruke M","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chemistry World"},{"key":"bibr5-0734242X14557378","first-page":"548","volume":"29","author":"Chang J","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environmental Science"},{"key":"bibr6-0734242X14557378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2008.04.084"},{"key":"bibr7-0734242X14557378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2006.06.032"},{"key":"bibr8-0734242X14557378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2007.11.065"},{"key":"bibr9-0734242X14557378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2012.11.008"},{"key":"bibr10-0734242X14557378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10163-006-0161-x"},{"key":"bibr11-0734242X14557378","first-page":"152","volume":"59","author":"Hagel\u00fcken C","year":"2006","journal-title":"World of Metallurgy-ERZMETALL"},{"key":"bibr12-0734242X14557378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2008.08.051"},{"key":"bibr13-0734242X14557378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es071873x"},{"key":"bibr14-0734242X14557378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es903242t"},{"key":"bibr15-0734242X14557378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2008.12.013"},{"key":"bibr16-0734242X14557378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJETM.2012.045144"},{"key":"bibr17-0734242X14557378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2008.09.043"},{"key":"bibr18-0734242X14557378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apacoust.2004.07.005"},{"key":"bibr19-0734242X14557378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2006.03.008"},{"key":"bibr20-0734242X14557378","unstructured":"Schomer P (2001) A White Paper: Assessment of Noise Annoyance, http:\/\/www.nonoise.org\/library\/schomer\/assessmentofnoiseannoyance.pdf (accessed 24 October 2014)"},{"key":"bibr21-0734242X14557378","first-page":"42","volume":"100","author":"Smeets AAJ","year":"1991","journal-title":"Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy Section C"},{"key":"bibr22-0734242X14557378","volume-title":"Guidelines for Exposure Assessment; 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