{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:27:22Z","timestamp":1787239642310,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]],"date-time":"2016-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468195200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Waste Manag Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Solid waste management is one of the subjects essentially addressing the current interest today. Due to the scarcity of land filling area, utilization of wastes in the construction sector has become an attractive proposition for disposal. Ferrochrome ash (FA) is a dust obtained as a waste material from the gas cleaning plant of Ferro alloy industries. It possesses the chemical requirements of granulated slag material used for the manufacture of Portland cement. Ferrochrome slag (FS) is another residue that is obtained as a solid waste by the smelting process during the production of stainless steel in Ferroalloy industries. FS possesses the required engineering properties of coarse aggregates. The possibility of using FA with lime for partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and FS for total replacement of natural coarse aggregates is explored in this research. The combined effect of FA with lime and FS-addition on the properties of concrete, such as workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength and sorptivity, were studied. Results of investigation revealed improvement in strength and durability properties of concrete on inclusion of FA and FS. Concrete mix containing 40% FA with 7% lime (replacing 47% OPC) and100% of FS (replacing 100% natural coarse aggregate) achieved the properties of normal concrete or even better properties at all ages. The results were confirmed by microscopic study such as X-ray diffraction and petrography examination. Environmental compatibility of concrete containing FA and FS was verified by the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure test.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242x16654751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,29]],"date-time":"2016-06-29T22:33:25Z","timestamp":1467239605000},"page":"764-774","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Utilization of ferrochrome wastes such as ferrochrome ash and ferrochrome slag in concrete manufacturing"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Prasanna K","family":"Acharya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, KIIT University, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjaya K","family":"Patro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, VSS University of Technology, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0734242X16654751","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.081"},{"key":"bibr2-0734242X16654751","unstructured":"ASTM C 642 (2006) Standard test method for density, absorption and void in hardened concrete."},{"key":"bibr3-0734242X16654751","unstructured":"ASTM C 856 (2004) Practice for petrographic examination of hardened concrete."},{"key":"bibr4-0734242X16654751","unstructured":"COSHH (2004) The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (Amendment) Regulation 2004."},{"key":"bibr5-0734242X16654751","first-page":"54","volume-title":"all India seminar on advances in construction technology","author":"Das BB","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr6-0734242X16654751","unstructured":"EN 13043 (2002) Aggregates for bituminous mixtures and surface treatments for roads, airfields other trafficked areas."},{"key":"bibr7-0734242X16654751","unstructured":"EN 13242 (2002) Aggregates for unbound hydraulically bound materials for use in civil engineering work and road construction."},{"key":"bibr8-0734242X16654751","unstructured":"EN 13285 (2003) Unbound mixtures-specifications."},{"key":"bibr9-0734242X16654751","first-page":"75","volume":"26","author":"Estokova A","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering Transactions"},{"key":"bibr10-0734242X16654751","unstructured":"European Parliament (2003) Directive 2003\/53\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. Official Journal of the European Union, 2003."},{"key":"bibr11-0734242X16654751","author":"Hills L","year":"2007","journal-title":"Portland Cement Association"},{"key":"bibr12-0734242X16654751","first-page":"429","volume":"104","author":"Holappa L","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of South African Institute of Mining Metallurgy"},{"key":"bibr13-0734242X16654751","unstructured":"IS: 1199 (1959, Reaffirmed 2004) Methods of sampling and analysis of concrete."},{"key":"bibr14-0734242X16654751","unstructured":"IS: 383 (1970, Reaffirmed 2002) Specifications for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete."},{"key":"bibr15-0734242X16654751","unstructured":"IS: 456 (2000, Reaffirmed 2005) Plain and reinforced concrete code of practice."},{"key":"bibr16-0734242X16654751","unstructured":"IS: 516 (1959, Reaffirmed 2004) Methods of test for strength of concrete."},{"key":"bibr17-0734242X16654751","unstructured":"IS: 5816 (1999, Reaffirmed 2004) Splitting tensile strength of concrete-Test method."},{"key":"bibr18-0734242X16654751","unstructured":"IS: 7320 (1974, Reaffirmed 2008) Specification for concrete slump test apparatus."},{"key":"bibr19-0734242X16654751","unstructured":"IS: 8112 (2013) 43 grade ordinary Portland cement - specification."},{"key":"bibr20-0734242X16654751","first-page":"171","volume-title":"INFACON XI","author":"Niemela P","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr21-0734242X16654751","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2013.08.002"},{"key":"bibr22-0734242X16654751","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2013.11.004"},{"key":"bibr23-0734242X16654751","first-page":"10","volume":"8","author":"Stancheva KA","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eurasian Journal of Analytical Chemistry"},{"key":"bibr24-0734242X16654751","unstructured":"USEPA (1990) Toxicity characterisation leaching procedure (TCLP). 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