{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T12:45:38Z","timestamp":1793796338401,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]],"date-time":"2019-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"natural science foundation of shandong province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2019BEE075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2019BEE075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"national natural science foundation of china","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51674161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51674161"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Waste Manag Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Cyanide is among the most toxic chemicals widely employed in the cyanidation process to leach precious minerals, such as gold and silver, by the minerals processing companies worldwide. This present article reviews the determination and detoxification of cyanide found in gold mine tailings. Most of the cyanide remains in the solution or the slurries after the cyanidation process. The cyanide species in the gold tailings are classified as free cyanide, weak acid dissociation, and metallocyanide complexes. Several methods, such as colorimetric, titrimetric, and electrochemical, have been developed to determine cyanide concentrations in gold mine effluents. Application of physical, natural, biological, and chemical methods to detoxify cyanide to a permissible limit (50\u2009mg\u2009L\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) can be achieved when the chemical compositions of cyanide (type of species) present in the tailings are known. The levels of cyanide concentration determine the impact it will have on the environment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242x19876691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]],"date-time":"2019-10-11T10:30:10Z","timestamp":1570789810000},"page":"1117-1126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Determination and detoxification of cyanide in gold mine tailings: A review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Cosmos","family":"Anning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junxiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Idermunkh","family":"Batmunkh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8657-6558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianjun","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.2358"},{"key":"bibr2-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-6875(01)00018-8"},{"key":"bibr3-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2007.12.040"},{"key":"bibr4-0734242X19876691","first-page":"437","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Environmental Issues and Waste Management in Energy and Mineral Production (SWEMP)","author":"Akcil A","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr5-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0734-9750(03)00099-5"},{"key":"bibr6-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-6875(03)00101-8"},{"key":"bibr7-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/an9446900262"},{"key":"bibr8-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00167288"},{"key":"bibr9-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-0229(97)00171-3"},{"key":"bibr10-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/an9638800751"},{"key":"bibr11-0734242X19876691","first-page":"280","volume":"75","author":"Beerstecher E","year":"1950","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"bibr12-0734242X19876691","first-page":"28","volume-title":"Mining Environmental Management. Mining Journal Ltd","author":"Botz MM","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr13-0734242X19876691","first-page":"228","volume":"17","author":"Botz MM","year":"2000","journal-title":"Minerals and Metallurgical Processing"},{"key":"bibr14-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4528(05)15028-5"},{"key":"bibr15-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jim.2900469"},{"key":"bibr16-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2007.10.058"},{"key":"bibr17-0734242X19876691","unstructured":"Cleven RFMJ, van Bruggen M (2000) The cyanide accident in Barskoon (Kyrgyzstan). Rijksinstituut voor volksgezondheiden millien (RIVM) official report. Available at: http:\/\/hdl.handle (accessed 20 January 2019)."},{"key":"bibr18-0734242X19876691","volume":"3","author":"Cordos E","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mineral Processing and Environmental Protection"},{"key":"bibr19-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2008.06.051"},{"key":"bibr20-0734242X19876691","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"Demopoulos G","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mineral Processing and Environmental Protection"},{"key":"bibr21-0734242X19876691","first-page":"441","volume":"57","author":"Desai JD","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scientific and Industrial Research"},{"key":"bibr22-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03220847"},{"key":"bibr23-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.02.033"},{"key":"bibr24-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2007.04.007"},{"key":"bibr25-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2007.10.003"},{"key":"bibr26-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00367095"},{"key":"bibr27-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0032-9592(99)00014-X"},{"key":"bibr28-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2004.03.006"},{"key":"bibr29-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0016-8025.2003.01069.x"},{"key":"bibr30-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5670\/oceanog.2012.54"},{"key":"bibr31-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/3.3.119"},{"key":"bibr32-0734242X19876691","first-page":"58","volume":"85","author":"Eisler R","year":"1991","journal-title":"Contaminant Hazard Reviews"},{"key":"bibr33-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420032741"},{"key":"bibr34-0734242X19876691","first-page":"21","volume":"183","author":"Eisler R","year":"2004","journal-title":"Review of Environmental Contamination Toxicology"},{"key":"bibr35-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-386X(03)00131-2"},{"key":"bibr36-0734242X19876691","first-page":"519","volume":"42","author":"Figueira MM","year":"1996","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"bibr37-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420310209"},{"key":"bibr38-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60321a038"},{"key":"bibr39-0734242X19876691","first-page":"203","volume-title":"Cyanide in Water and Soil: Chemistry, Risk, and Management.","author":"Ghosh RS","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr40-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09593331908616665"},{"key":"bibr41-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2008.05.008"},{"key":"bibr42-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2009.02.010"},{"key":"bibr43-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00392616"},{"key":"bibr44-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2004.09.005"},{"key":"bibr45-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00121387"},{"key":"bibr46-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1999GL900156"},{"key":"bibr47-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-6875(00)00092-3"},{"key":"bibr48-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/i560151a002"},{"key":"bibr49-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2014.09.010"},{"key":"bibr50-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2013.05.027"},{"key":"bibr51-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-6875(94)90114-7"},{"key":"bibr52-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/i560157a017"},{"key":"bibr53-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.58948\/0738-6206.1728","volume":"30","author":"Laitos JG","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pace Environmental Law Review"},{"key":"bibr54-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.07.110176.001005"},{"key":"bibr55-0734242X19876691","first-page":"1","volume-title":"International Council on Metals and the Environment","author":"Logsdon MJ","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr56-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/33.7.1228","volume":"33","author":"Lundquist P","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"bibr57-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2010.05.042"},{"key":"bibr58-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.2478\/s11756-012-0098-6","volume":"67","author":"Maniyam MN","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biologia"},{"key":"bibr59-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.2478\/s11756-013-0158-6","volume":"68","author":"Maniyam MN","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biologia"},{"key":"bibr60-0734242X19876691","first-page":"1","volume":"91","author":"Makuc DM","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat"},{"key":"bibr61-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es00027a010"},{"key":"bibr62-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.07.041"},{"key":"bibr63-0734242X19876691","volume-title":"Cyanide Detoxification Process","author":"Misra M","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr64-0734242X19876691","unstructured":"Mineral Policy Center (2000) Cyanide leach mining packet. Available at: www7.nau.edu\/itep\/main\/HazSubMap\/docs\/Mining\/CyanideLeachPacket.pdf (accessed 10 January 2019)."},{"key":"bibr65-0734242X19876691","first-page":"280","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Second Meeting Southem Hemisphere Mineral Technology","volume":"2","author":"Monhemius AJ","year":"1987"},{"key":"bibr66-0734242X19876691","volume-title":"Toxicity and Analysis of Cyanide in Mining-Related Waters","author":"Moran RE","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr67-0734242X19876691","volume-title":"Proceedings of Central Asia Ecology 99","author":"Moran RE","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr68-0734242X19876691","first-page":"62","volume":"4","author":"Mudder TI","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mineral Processing and Environmental Protection"},{"key":"bibr69-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03402571"},{"key":"bibr70-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ajep.20160504.14"},{"key":"bibr71-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.05.046"},{"key":"bibr72-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jen.2006.05.012"},{"key":"bibr73-0734242X19876691","volume-title":"Cyanide and Cyanide Complexes in the Goldmine Polluted land in the East and Central Rand Goldfields","author":"Nsimba EB","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr74-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/65706"},{"key":"bibr75-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/bcse.v21i2.21200"},{"key":"bibr76-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010796410829"},{"key":"bibr77-0734242X19876691","first-page":"61","volume":"16","author":"Osobamiro M","year":"2012","journal-title":"Applied Sciences and Environmental Management"},{"key":"bibr78-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0956-053X(02)00064-8"},{"key":"bibr79-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.9.996","volume":"18","author":"Pettigrew A","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"bibr80-0734242X19876691","first-page":"11","volume":"83","author":"Pohlandt A","year":"1983","journal-title":"Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy"},{"key":"bibr81-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00189632"},{"key":"bibr82-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-6875(99)00075-8"},{"key":"bibr83-0734242X19876691","author":"Roche C","year":"2017","journal-title":"A UNEP Rapid Response Assessment. United Nations Environment Programme and GRID-Arendal, Nairobi and Arendal"},{"key":"bibr84-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00252a005"},{"key":"bibr85-0734242X19876691","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Toxicity Workshop","author":"Rubec PJ","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr86-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/an9871201705"},{"key":"bibr87-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2003.10.032"},{"key":"bibr88-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60188a016"},{"key":"bibr89-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0119548"},{"key":"bibr90-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03067318608077109"},{"key":"bibr91-0734242X19876691","unstructured":"Smith ACS, Struhsacker DW (1988) Cyanide geochemistry and detoxification regulations. Introduction to Evaluation, Design and Operation of Precious Metal Heap Leach Projects. SME, Littleton, Colorado, pp.275\u2013305."},{"key":"bibr92-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-386X(97)00076-5"},{"key":"bibr93-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/an9840900281"},{"key":"bibr94-0734242X19876691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(99)00362-0"},{"key":"bibr95-0734242X19876691","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Cyanide in Water and Soil: Chemistry, Risk, and Management","author":"Wong-Chong GM","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr96-0734242X19876691","volume-title":"The Extractive Metallurgy of Gold","author":"Yannopoulos JC","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["Waste Management &amp; Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0734242X19876691","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0734242X19876691","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0734242X19876691","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:39:16Z","timestamp":1777667956000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0734242X19876691"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0734242X19876691"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0734242x19876691","relation":{},"ISSN":["0734-242X","1096-3669"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0734-242X","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-3669","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]}}}