{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:03:47Z","timestamp":1790269427263,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Waste Manag Res"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cigarette butt (CB) littering remains a widespread environmental issue caused by an interplay of psychological, infrastructural, and socio-behavioural factors. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the attitudes, behaviours, perceptions, and awareness regarding CB littering using a questionnaire-based survey and to develop evidence-based policy recommendations. The survey was conducted in Aizawl, Mizoram, India, specifically considering the city\u2019s socio-demographics, with a very high prevalence of cigarette consumption, and is often termed the cancer capital of India. A total of 808 responses were analyzed, focusing on demographic characteristics, smoking habits, knowledge and beliefs about CBs, littering behaviours, disposal methods, and awareness of potential solutions. A key finding reveals a disconnect between general environmental awareness and specific knowledge, where a substantial portion of the population mistakenly believes CBs are biodegradable. This misconception is the strongest predictor of littering behaviour (OR\u2009=\u200918.83). The survey found that littering is affected by insufficient disposal infrastructure, convenience, and a high degree of desensitization to litter, with males having significantly higher littering rates than females (OR\u2009=\u20092.042). The findings provide a data-driven imperative for Aizawl to move beyond traditional anti-littering efforts. Policy recommendations focus on a holistic strategy that integrates targeted communication to address specific misconceptions about biodegradability, the strategic placement of engaging, fire-proof waste infrastructure in high-littering hotspots, and a phased, localized approach to waste valorization. This study provides policymakers with actionable insights to mitigate CB littering and promote a more sustainable community.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242x261486622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:56:50Z","timestamp":1790056610000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Attitudes, behaviours, and environmental perceptions of cigarette butt littering in Aizawl city: Insights into policy and interventions"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8491-0695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lourembam","family":"Nongdren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Mizoram, Aizawl, Mizoram, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2317-8245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kumar Raja","family":"Vanapalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Mizoram, Aizawl, Mizoram, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Acarer Arat S (2024) A review on cigarette butts: Environmental abundance characterization and toxic pollutants released into water from cigarette butts. 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