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The present study addresses this need through preliminary examination of the role of program empowerment in promoting positive identity development in inner-city, African American youth participating in a pilot school-based service program. Results suggest that participants who experienced the program as empowering experienced increases in self-efficacy, sense of civic responsibility, and ethnic identity, over and above general engagement and enjoyment of the program. Preliminary exploration of differences based on participant gender suggests that some results may be stronger and more consistent for males than females. These findings provide preliminary support for the importance of theoretically grounded program processes in producing positive outcomes for youth service participants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0743558413477200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,6]],"date-time":"2013-03-06T21:32:35Z","timestamp":1362605555000},"page":"664-689","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["The Role of Empowerment in a School-Based Community Service Program with Inner-City, Minority Youth"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Gullan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gwynedd-Mercy College, Gwynedd Valley, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Power","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen S.","family":"Leff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0743558413477200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0003-066X.33.4.344"},{"key":"bibr2-0743558413477200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.23.5.443"},{"key":"bibr3-0743558413477200","first-page":"12","volume-title":"Growing to greatness 2004","author":"Billig S. 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