{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T05:17:01Z","timestamp":1777785421049,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,22]],"date-time":"2019-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563753600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005289","name":"National Institute of Justice","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Comprehensive School Safety Initiative\/2015-CK-BX-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Comprehensive School Safety Initiative\/2015-CK-BX-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Adolescent Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Third-party adolescents (those aware of peer conflict as neither aggressors nor victims) can help shape their peers\u2019 emotional responses to perceived victimization. Emotion regulation promotes resilience for those who have been victimized, and heightened anger can exacerbate negative outcomes. This study sought to understand how ethnically diverse victimized adolescents described third-party actions that amplified their anger and calmed their emotions\u2014and whether there were gender, racial\/ethnic, or school-level patterns. Data were drawn from 264 structured interviews using a multi-method, repeated measures design. Participants were 66 African Americans, 57 European Americans, 64 Mexican Americans, and 77 Native Americans from the Northwest United States. Open- and process-coding identified 16 themes that described third-party actions, and pattern coding provided insight into why particular actions may be perceived as anger-amplifying or calming. Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests on action frequencies revealed five actions (e.g., co-ruminating) that were associated with amplifying victims\u2019 anger and eight actions (e.g., reassuring) that were associated with calming victims\u2019 emotions. Group patterns were examined using chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. Programs and interventions may draw on these qualitative accounts of victimized adolescents\u2019 experiences to illustrate how third-party actions might differentially impact peers during or after aggressive incidents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0743558419864021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,22]],"date-time":"2019-07-22T05:24:05Z","timestamp":1563773045000},"page":"461-488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Ethnically Diverse Adolescents Recount Third-Party Actions That Amplify Their Anger and Calm Their Emotions After Perceived Victimization"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4745-2306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoe","family":"Higheagle Strong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State University, Pullman, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma M.","family":"McMain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State University, Pullman, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin S.","family":"Frey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington, Seattle, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel M.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State University, Pullman, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7829-0621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shenghai","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State University, Pullman, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State University, Pullman, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0743558419864021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1088868307301033"},{"key":"bibr2-0743558419864021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-017-0716-2"},{"key":"bibr3-0743558419864021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272431616665212"},{"key":"bibr4-0743558419864021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1754073915590622"},{"key":"bibr5-0743558419864021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.12306"},{"key":"bibr6-0743558419864021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J146v11n04_03"},{"key":"bibr7-0743558419864021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.6.4.284"},{"key":"bibr8-0743558419864021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0044118X13484479"},{"key":"bibr9-0743558419864021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000110"},{"key":"bibr10-0743558419864021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-015-0051-6"},{"key":"bibr11-0743558419864021","unstructured":"Dedoose. 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