{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T09:37:34Z","timestamp":1791106654056,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]],"date-time":"2008-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1209600000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Ind Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic arsenic poisoning caused by contaminated drinking water is a wide spread and worldwide problem particularly in India and Bangladesh. One of the possible mechanisms suggested for arsenic toxicity is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The present study was planned 1) to evaluate if chronic exposure to arsenic leads to oxidative stress in blood and brain \u2013 parts of male Wistar rats and 2) to evaluate which brain region of the exposed animals was more sensitive to oxidative injury. Male Wistar rats were exposed to arsenic (50\u00a0ppm sodium arsenite in drinking water) for 10\u00a0months. The brain was dissected into five major parts, pons medulla, corpus striatum, cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. A number of biochemical variables indicative of oxidative stress were studied in blood and different brain regions. Single-strand DNA damage using comet assay was also assessed in lymphocytes. We observed a significant increase in blood and brain ROS levels accompanied by the depletion of GSH\/GSSG ratio and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity in different brain regions of arsenic-exposed rats. Chronic arsenic exposure also caused significant single-strand DNA damage in lymphocytes as depicted by comet with a tail in arsenic-exposed cells compared with the control cells. On the basis of results, we concluded that the cortex region of the brain was more sensitive to oxidative injury compared with the other regions studied. The present study, thus, leads us to suggest that arsenic induces differential oxidative stress in brain regions with cortex followed by hippocampus and causes single-strand DNA damage in lymphocytes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233708093355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,20]],"date-time":"2008-11-20T10:08:24Z","timestamp":1227175704000},"page":"247-256","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Differential oxidative stress and DNA damage in rat brain regions and blood following chronic arsenic exposure"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"D","family":"Mishra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SJS","family":"Flora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9008"},{"key":"atypb2","first-page":"265","volume":"10","author":"Aposhian HV","year":"1989","journal-title":"Rev Biochem Toxicol"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8723"},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"389","volume":"12","author":"Berlin A","year":"1974","journal-title":"Z Klin Chem Klin Biochem"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-006-0135-8"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.2000.4106"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108393"},{"key":"atypb8","first-page":"393","volume":"8","author":"Chowdhury UK","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ Sci"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(96)00020-2"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1681.1999.03157.x"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.04.016"},{"key":"atypb12","first-page":"333","volume":"28","author":"Flora SJS","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Environ Biol"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.121996"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2006.05.001"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/49.1.5"},{"key":"atypb16","unstructured":"Grimes AJ\u2004 (1980) Human Red Cell Metabolism. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific, p. 257."},{"key":"atypb17","first-page":"4","volume":"96","author":"Guha Mazumder DN","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Indian Med Assoc"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1131"},{"key":"atypb19","unstructured":"Halliwell B\u2004 Arouma OI\u2004 (1993) DNA and Free Radicals. New York: Ellis Harwood, pp 211\u2013222."},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-670X(2000)13:1<165::AID-JTRA17>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90326-2"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2850250304"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4781(98)00010-4"},{"key":"atypb24","first-page":"345","volume":"54","author":"Itoh T","year":"1900","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.11.001"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-6513(03)00096-4"},{"key":"atypb27","first-page":"675","volume":"39","author":"Kannan GM","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-8777(95)00063-1"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3002(58)90074-X"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002040050204"},{"key":"atypb31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.99107359"},{"key":"atypb32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.4.1643"},{"key":"atypb33","first-page":"217","volume":"14","author":"Luzzatto L","year":"1984","journal-title":"Adv Hum Genet"},{"key":"atypb34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/12.4.209"},{"key":"atypb35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx700315a"},{"key":"atypb36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/70.1.4"},{"key":"atypb37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/26387"},{"key":"atypb38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/152308604773934314"},{"key":"atypb39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3"},{"key":"atypb40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1964.tb14207.x"},{"key":"atypb41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.11.005"},{"key":"atypb42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(99)00097-9"},{"key":"atypb43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.79.933.391"},{"key":"atypb44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(01)00477-4"},{"key":"atypb45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(03)00262-5"},{"key":"atypb46","first-page":"1011","volume-title":"Environmental and Occupational Medicine.","author":"Rossman TG","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb47","first-page":"121","volume":"46","author":"Scholl A","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arch Genet (Zur)"},{"key":"atypb48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgg018"},{"key":"atypb49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MCBI.0000007262.26044.e8"},{"key":"atypb50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(88)90265-0"},{"key":"atypb51","first-page":"1093","volume":"78","author":"Smith AH","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"atypb52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6969"},{"key":"atypb53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(97)00058-1"},{"key":"atypb54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-008X(02)00022-4"},{"key":"atypb55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/9.3.253"},{"key":"atypb56","unstructured":"WHO (1993) Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. Recommendation vol. 1, second ed. Geneva: World Health Organization."},{"key":"atypb57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5742(97)00011-2"},{"key":"atypb58","first-page":"1271","volume":"55","author":"Yamamoto S","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"atypb59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1996.0199"}],"container-title":["Toxicology and Industrial Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0748233708093355","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0748233708093355","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:34:08Z","timestamp":1777667648000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0748233708093355"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0748233708093355"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0748233708093355","relation":{},"ISSN":["0748-2337","1477-0393"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0748-2337","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0393","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}}}