{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T03:33:11Z","timestamp":1791084791727,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4-5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]],"date-time":"2009-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1241136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Ind Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Beta-carotene has been thought to protect against oxidative stress generated by ultraviolet radiation and thus prevents skin cancer and skin aging (Biesalski and Obermueller-Jevic, 2001). However, nothing is known about its potential effects against other environmental sources of oxidative stress such as ozone (O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) in skin. Intake of oral \u03b2-carotene supplements before exposure to sunlight (and thus inevitably also to O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) has been recommended on a population-wide basis. However, although some studies have shown \u03b2-carotene as providing skin protection as an antioxidant, other studies using skin cells in culture have shown that \u03b2-carotene may have unexpected prooxidant properties (Oberm\u00fcller-Jevic, et\u00a0al., 2001). Given this, there is an ongoing debate regarding the protective or potentially harmful role(s) of \u03b2-carotene in human skin. In this study, the effect of \u03b2-carotene on ozone\u2019s effects on the skin of hairless mice was assessed. After feeding a diet supplemented with 0.5% \u03b2-carotene for 1\u00a0month, mice were subjected to O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    exposure (0.8\u00a0ppm 6\u00a0h\/day; 7\u00a0days) and the induction of proinflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF\u03b1), macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and markers of oxidative stress, heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1), were quantitated. The data showed that \u03b2-carotene downregulated the induction of TNF\u03b1, MIP2, iNOS, and HO-1 in response to O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    . We conclude that \u03b2-carotene provides protection against O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    -induced skin oxidative stress in vivo, which is consistent with a protective role for \u03b2-carotene in the skin.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233709103030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,3]],"date-time":"2009-08-03T12:03:10Z","timestamp":1249300990000},"page":"241-247","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Beta-carotene prevents ozone-induced proinflammatory markers in murine skin"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"G","family":"Valacchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro, Siena, Italy; Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South 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