{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:29:09Z","timestamp":1777922949281,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]],"date-time":"2009-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238544000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Ind Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Although ozone exposure has been suspected as a risk factor for the development of lung cancer, data are still inconclusive. Studies in the literature infrequently recognize that the potential toxicity of ozone could be influenced by the combined exposure with other environmental carcinogens. To evaluate the carcinogenic potential of ozone alone or in combination with other toxicants, male and female B6C3F1 mice were exposed through inhalation and diet, to 0.5\u00a0ppm of ozone, 1.0\u00a0mg\/kg of 4-( N-methyl- N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), 5000\u00a0ppm of dibutyl phthalate (DBP), individually and in combination for 1\u00a0year. No treatment-related death was seen, but significant differences in body and organ weights between control and treated mice were observed during the study. No tumor incidence was found in mice of either gender exposed to ozone alone. Pulmonary neoplasms were found in both, male and female mice exposed to NNK alone and in combination, ozone with NNK only or NNK plus DBP. Oviductal carcinomas were observed in females exposed to DBP alone and together with ozone plus NNK. These results indicate that ozone alone is not a lung carcinogen and in conjunction with NNK and\/or DBP have no effect on tumor development in B6C3F1 mice under our experimental conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233709106185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,29]],"date-time":"2009-05-29T10:44:31Z","timestamp":1243593871000},"page":"189-195","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Tumorigenesis in B6C3F1 mice exposed to ozone in combination with 4-(\n                    <i>N<\/i>\n                    -methyl-\n                    <i>N<\/i>\n                    -nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and dietary dibutyl phthalate"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Min Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myung Haing","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","first-page":"745","volume":"29","author":"Akopyan G","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019262339402200510"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(95)03206-U"},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"1","volume":"65","author":"Catalano PJ","year":"1994","journal-title":"Res Rep Health Eff Inst"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.98106s61281"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(99)00128-3"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.97105802"},{"key":"atypb8","first-page":"771","volume":"75","author":"Hassett C","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/9.6.875"},{"key":"atypb10","first-page":"273","volume":"8","author":"Hecht SS","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cancer Surv"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-1117"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287399409531825"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/24.3.613"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.95103582"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2004.5.4.379"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/17.4.331"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2005.03.052"},{"key":"atypb18","first-page":"370","volume":"43","author":"Kim MY","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet Hum Toxicol"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2004.5.2.131"},{"key":"atypb20","first-page":"71","volume":"20","author":"Kim MY","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Toxicol Public Health"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/139.2.407"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/78.1.149"},{"key":"atypb23","unstructured":"National Toxicology Program (1994) Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of ozone and ozone\/NNK (CAS No. 64091-91-4) in F344\/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (inhalation studies). NTP Technical Report No. 440. US Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health."},{"key":"atypb24","unstructured":"National Toxicology Program (1995) Toxicity studies of Dibutyl Phthalate (CAS No. 84-74-2) administered in feed F344\/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. NTP Technical Report No. 30. US Department of Health and Human Services. 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