{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:29:20Z","timestamp":1777922960771,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9-10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]],"date-time":"2009-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1254355200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Ind Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>As occupants in a hospital, patients are susceptible to air contaminants that can include biological agents dispersed throughout the premise. An exposed patient can become ill and require medical intervention. A consideration for patients is that they may have become environmentally sensitive and require placement in an environment that does not compromise their health. Unfortunately, the hospital environment often contains more biological substances than can be expected in an office or home environment. When a hospital also experiences water intrusion such as flooding or water leaks, resulting mold growth can seriously compromise the health of patients and others such as nursing staff and physicians (Burge, Indoor Air and Infectious Disease. Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, 1980; Lutz et al., Clinical Infectious Diseases 37: 786\u2014793, 2003). Micro-organism growth can propagate if the water is not addressed quickly and effectively. Immunocompromised patients are particularly at risk when subjected to fungal infection such that the US Center for Disease Control issued guideline for building mold in health care facilities (Centers for Disease and Control [CDC], Centers for Disease and Control: Questions and Answers on Stachybotrys chartarum and Other Molds, 2000). This paper is based on mold remediation of one portion of a hospital unit due to water from construction activity and inadequate maintenance, resulting in mold growth. A large proportion of the hospital staff, primarily nurses in the dialysis unit, exhibited health symptoms consistent with mold exposure. Unfortunately, the hospital administrators did not consider the mold risk to be serious and refused an independent consultant retained by the nurse\u2019s union to examine the premise (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation [CBC], Nurses file complaints over mold at Foothills. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, 2003). The nurse\u2019s union managed to have the premise examined by submitting a court order of detention and inspection and for an interlocutory injunction to allow their consultants to undertake air quality testing. Mold remediation procedures are readily available and are not to be discussed here (Silicato, http:\/\/www.nibs.org\/BETEC\/M6\/ 13-Silicato_Mold-Remediation.pdf, 2004). However, the difficulty of determining the qualifications of consultants, contactors and project managers are discussed. It also describes the need and importance of a buffer zone between the occupied areas and the mold abatement containment area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233709348394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,23]],"date-time":"2009-10-23T08:00:39Z","timestamp":1256284839000},"page":"723-730","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Mold remediation in a hospital"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Tang G","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary, Faculty of Environmental Design, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Field Guide for the Determination of Biological Contaminants in Environmental Samples","author":"AIHA (American Industrial Hygiene Association).","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Indoor Air Quality Guideline. Technical sub-committee of the Interdepartmental Committee on Indoor Air Quality, Alberta Infrastructure, Government of Alberta, April 12 2002","author":"Alberta","year":"2002"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Guidelines for Certification of a Physical Containment Level 3 Laboratory. Version 2.1. Department of Health and Ageing, Office of the Gene Technology Regulator","author":"Australian Government","year":"2006"},{"key":"atypb4","unstructured":"British Columbia (2007) Requirement for the Environmental Cleanup of Illegal Drug Manufacturing Sites. Facts on Contaminated Sites. Ministry of Environment, British Columbia , Canada, November 2007, p.2. Available at: http:\/\/www.env.gov.bc.ca\/epd\/remediation\/fact_sheets\/pdf\/fs35.pdf"},{"key":"atypb5","author":"Burge HA","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Canadian Association of Labour Lawyers, Edmonton","author":"Carpenter John R."},{"key":"atypb7","first-page":"26","volume":"11","author":"CBC (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation).","year":"2003","journal-title":"Web Posted"},{"key":"atypb8","volume-title":"CCA 82 - Mold Guidelines for the Canadian Construction Industry","author":"CCA (Canadian Construction Association).","year":"2004"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"Centers for Disease and Control: Questions and Answers on Stachybotrys chartarum and Other Molds","author":"CDC (Centers for Disease and Control).","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"Calgary Health Region Announces Renovations. International Dimensions, World Federation of Building Service Contractors, April 2004, p.1","author":"CHR (Calgary Health Region","year":"2004"},{"key":"atypb11","author":"CHR (Calgary Health Region","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environmental Health, Calgary Health Region"},{"key":"atypb12","unstructured":"Dotson Kyle B. ( 2004) Assessment, Remediation and Post-remediation Verification of Mold in Buildings. AIHA Law, Biosafety and Environmental Microbiology, and Indoor Environmental Quality Committees, American Industrial Hygiene Association, p.4"},{"key":"atypb13","volume-title":"Federal - Provincial Committees on Environment and Occupational Health","author":"Health Canada"},{"key":"atypb14","volume-title":"Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification: Standard and Reference Guide for Professional Water Damage Restoration, S500-94","author":"IICRC (Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification).","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"Flannigan B and Morey PR: Control of Moisture Problems Affecting Biological Indoor Air Quality","author":"ISIAQ (International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate).","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Light EN, Bennet AC, Dyjack DT, et al. (1991) Project designs for the abatement of microbial contamination. In: Kay JG, Keller GE and Miller JF (eds.) 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Public Works and Government Services Canada 2007","author":"NMS Mold Remediation","year":"2007"},{"key":"atypb21","volume-title":"Guideline on Assessment and Remediation of Stachybotrys atra in Indoor Environments","author":"NYCDOH (New York City Department of Health).","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb22","volume-title":"Guidelines on Assessment and Remediation of Fungi in Indoor Environments","author":"NYCDOH (New York City Department of Health).","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb23","volume-title":"OAA Mold Control Practice Guide","author":"OAA (Ontario Association of Architects).","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb24","volume-title":"Occupational Health and Safety Act","author":"OHS (Occupational Health and Safety Code).","year":"2006"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15428119891010190"},{"key":"atypb26","volume-title":"Unpublished Report on the Mold Sampling and Health Survey","author":"Rollins KA","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb27","volume-title":"Mold, Moisture, Misery and Money, Myth - Plus Management. BETEC 2004 Summer Symposium, Building Environment and Thermal Envelope Council, a Council of the National Institute of Building Sciences","author":"Silicato SR"},{"key":"atypb28","unstructured":"SKC WallChek Sampler. Cat. No. 225-9525, SKC, 863 Valley View Road, Eighty Four PA 15330, USA. Available at: http:\/\/www.skcgulfcoast.com\/downloads\/skc\/ instructions\/wallchek.pdf"},{"key":"atypb29","author":"Stockton G.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Uptime Magazine"},{"key":"atypb30","volume-title":"US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air and Radiation Indoor Environments Division. Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings. 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