{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:31:03Z","timestamp":1777923063128,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,26]],"date-time":"2012-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Ind Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In addition to the primary components of alloys, approximately 5% of the formulation may contain other metals, including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic, manganese (Mn), iron, phosphorus, and nickel. Workers in the foundries are exposed to several compounds; therefore, it is important to assess the levels of injury that may reflect an additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effect caused by these compounds. The mean values of the environmental evaluation of the facilities range from 16.65 to 40.31\u00a0\u00b5g\u00a0m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n                    for Pb, 0.99 to 1.73\u00a0\u00b5g\u00a0m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n                    for Cd, and 0.91 to 1.70\u00a0\u00b5g\u00a0m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n                    for Mn. The mean values of the metal concentrations for furnace, mold, melting, and automatic melting activities range from 15.37 to 19.26\u00a0\u00b5g\u00a0m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n                    for Pb, 7.07 to 9.14\u00a0\u00b5g\u00a0m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n                    for Cd, and 8.83 to 16.00\u00a0\u00b5g\u00a0m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n                    for Mn. Biological samples were divided into two groups: control ( n\u00a0=\u00a038) and exposed ( n\u00a0=\u00a045). The obtained data are3.41\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.40 and 14.89\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.82\u00a0\u00b5g\u00a0dL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    for Pb, 0.90\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.80 and 1.91\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.90\u00a0\u00b5g\u00a0g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    creatinine for Cd, and 0.51\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.40 and 3.17\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.93\u00a0\u00b5g\u00a0g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    creatinine for Mn. Statistical analysis showed significant differences ( p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Positive linear correlations were established between metal concentrations in the air and the biological matrixes: Pb ( r\u00a0=\u00a00.68; p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), Cd ( r\u00a0=\u00a00.81; p\u00a0=\u00a00.17), and Mn ( r\u00a0=\u00a00.12; p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.03). Regression analysis showed that professional activities can interfere with element exposure profiles in occupational settings. The analysis in the event of exposure to metals in these companies allowed investigating whether the simultaneous exposure leads to biological damage even if the levels of the compounds are within the exposure limits that are considered to be safe.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233712462464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,27]],"date-time":"2012-10-27T00:21:35Z","timestamp":1351297295000},"page":"701-713","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Occupational exposure profile of Pb, Mn, and Cd in nonferrous Brazilian sanitary alloy foundries"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Tiago Severo","family":"Peixe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Londrina, Paran\u00e1, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth de Souza","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos S\u00e9rgio","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hygiene Division, Ministry of Labor, Fundacentro, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco Antonio","family":"Bussacos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics Division, Ministry of Labor, Fundacentro, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0748233712462464","unstructured":"ABIFA (Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira de Fundi\u00e7\u00e3o) 2011 \u00cdndices de Mercado: Produ\u00e7\u00e3o de Fundidos: ano de 2010, S\u00e3o Paulo. 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