{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:01:16Z","timestamp":1790827276783,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,8]],"date-time":"2013-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Ind Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Snakebites are relatively rare medical emergency cases that might lead to serious consequences. This study aims to evaluate snakebite cases in terms of medical follow-up, antivenom therapy and antivenom reactions. Medical records of patients admitted to emergency department between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2010 were retrospectively investigated. Snakebite-related cases of a total of 125 patients were included in the scope of the study. Of the total 125 cases, 54.4% were male and 45.6% were female. Most of cases ( n: 65, 52%) were aged over 30\u00a0years, while the mean age was 34.87\u00a0\u00b1\u00a019.29\u00a0years. Snakebite-related applications to the emergency department were mostly seen in June with 27 cases. Upon admitting, all patients were recorded to be conscious and showing good general conditions; however, they suffered from pain and edema at the site of bite. Of all, 25 patients only suffered from bite injury and ecchymosis due to snakebite. The site of bite was upper extremities in 66 patients (52.8%), whereas it was lower extremities in 58 (46.4%). Of all, antivenom was unnecessary in 25 (20%) patients, while four antivenoms were administered to each of the 23 (18.4%) patients. Furthermore, six (4.8%) patients needed nine antivenom administrations for each. Anaphylaxis ( n: 2, 1.6%), compartment syndrome ( n: 2, 1.6%) and serum sickness ( n: 1, 0.8%) encountered in remaining cases. Of all, 86 (68.8%) patients were hospitalized in the emergency department, while 25 (20.0%) patients were followed up by observation in emergency service. Only one patient was treated and followed up in intensive care unit. Implementation of antivenom therapy is considered unnecessary for the treatment of all snakebite cases. Antivenom reactions and number of related cases might be reduced by continuous close monitoring, appropriate prophylaxis and controlled slow infusion administration of medications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233712472522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,9]],"date-time":"2013-01-09T08:55:14Z","timestamp":1357721714000},"page":"188-192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A 5-year retrospective evaluation of snakebite cases in Hatay, Turkey"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Karakus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cem","family":"Zeren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M Murat","family":"Celik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Secil","family":"Arica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raif","family":"Ozden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Duru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veyis","family":"Tas\u0131n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0748233712472522","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2007.06.017"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr2-0748233712472522","first-page":"210","volume":"16","author":"Al B","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Emergency Surgery of Trauma"},{"key":"bibr3-0748233712472522","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4170\/jaem.2009.01.0006"},{"key":"bibr4-0748233712472522","first-page":"1200","volume-title":"Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide","author":"Dart RC","year":"2004","edition":"6"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr5-0748233712472522","first-page":"54","volume":"39","author":"Ertem M","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica Journal"},{"key":"bibr6-0748233712472522","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2005.10.001"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr7-0748233712472522","first-page":"92","volume":"5","author":"Gang Y","year":"2005","journal-title":"Turkey Emergency Medical Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr8-0748233712472522","first-page":"184","volume":"22","author":"G\u00f6kel Y","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cukurova University School of Medicine Journal"},{"key":"bibr9-0748233712472522","volume-title":"Manual of Emergency Medicine","author":"Jenkins JL","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr10-0748233712472522","volume-title":"Poisoning: Diagnosis and Treatment","author":"Kurtoglu S","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr11-0748233712472522","volume-title":"Current Critical Care Diagnosis & Treatment","author":"Macho JR","year":"2002","edition":"2"},{"issue":"29","key":"bibr12-0748233712472522","first-page":"217","volume":"6","author":"Mohamad KAS","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of King Saud University"},{"key":"bibr13-0748233712472522","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822005000100004"},{"key":"bibr14-0748233712472522","volume-title":"Trauma","author":"\u00d6zg\u00fc\u00e7 H","year":"2005","edition":"1"},{"key":"bibr15-0748233712472522","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000860"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr16-0748233712472522","first-page":"116","volume":"72","author":"Satar S","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"bibr17-0748233712472522","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.03.001"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr18-0748233712472522","first-page":"331","volume":"41","author":"S\u00f6ker M","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gulhane Medical Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr19-0748233712472522","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V39N8p640","volume":"39","author":"Tan HH","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annals Academy of Medicine Singapore"},{"key":"bibr20-0748233712472522","unstructured":"Tuncok Y, Kalyoncu NI (2007) Toxic Animal Bites and stings, In:Republic of Turkey MINISTRY OF HEALTH For Primary Care poisoning diagnosis and treatment guidelines, 2nd Ed. Ankara, Turkey. Yucel Offset Printing Tourism Industry Trade. Ltd."}],"container-title":["Toxicology and Industrial Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0748233712472522","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0748233712472522","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0748233712472522","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:38:35Z","timestamp":1777667915000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0748233712472522"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,8]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0748233712472522"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0748233712472522","relation":{},"ISSN":["0748-2337","1477-0393"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0748-2337","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0393","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,8]]}}}