{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:31:58Z","timestamp":1777923118114,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,15]],"date-time":"2013-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1365984000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Ind Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Sonchus asper is traditionally used in the treatment of renal dysfunction. In the present study, protective effects of S. asper against carbon tetrachloride (CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    )-induced nephrotoxicity of rats were determined. In this study, 24 male albino rats (190\u2013200 g) were equally divided into four groups. Group I (control group) was given saline (1 ml\/kg body weight (b.w.), 0.85% NaCl) and dimethyl sulfoxide (1 ml\/kg b.w.); group II was treated with CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    (1 ml\/kg b.w. intraperitoneally); groups III and IV were administered with CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    and after 48 h with S. asper n-hexane extract (SHE; 100 and 200 mg\/kg b.w.). All the treatments were given twice a week for 4 weeks. The results revealed that CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    -induced oxidative stress as evidenced by the significant depletion of antioxidant enzymes, namely, superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, glutathione- S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione contents, while increased lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances contents). Administration of SHE significantly ameliorated ( p &lt; 0.01) the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduced lipid peroxides. Coadministration revealed that S. asper extract can protect the kidney against CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    -mediated oxidative damage by restoring the activity of antioxidant enzyme, due to the presence of plant bioactive constituents.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233713485885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,15]],"date-time":"2013-04-15T23:00:49Z","timestamp":1366066849000},"page":"955-959","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Modulation of carbon tetrachloride-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by\n                    <i>n<\/i>\n                    -hexane extract of\n                    <i>Sonchus asper<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Rahmat Ali","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, KPK, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Rashid","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naseer Ali","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sumaira","family":"Sahreen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botanical Sciences Division, Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Islamabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pakiza","family":"Siddiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 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