{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:32:00Z","timestamp":1777923120869,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,5]],"date-time":"2013-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Ind Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Phthalate compounds are widely used industrial chemicals; when incorporated into polyvinyl chloride, they are not covalently bound and released into the surrounding media. Some of them have estrogenic potential\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    but data on\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    studies are scanty. For the 3-day uterotrophic assay, di-\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    -butyl phthalate (DBP;10 and 100 mg\/kg), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP; 20 and 200 mg\/kg), and diethylstilbestrol (DES, 40 \u00b5g\/kg, positive control) were administered orally to immature female rats for three consecutive days from postnatal day (PND) 21. For the 20-day pubertal onset assay, DBP (10 and 20 mg\/kg), BBP (20 and 200 mg\/kg), and DES (6 \u00b5g\/kg) were administered orally from PND 21 daily for 20 days. In the uterotrophic assay, in groups treated with higher dose of DBP and BBP, the uterine wet weight significantly decreased in the higher dose, and there were minor variations in the ovary wet weight, while the wet weight of these organs increased significantly in DES-treated group. In the 20-day pubertal assay, the weight of uterus and ovary declined significantly and changes in vaginal weight were nonsignificant in DBP- and BBP-treated groups. However, in DES-treated group nonsignificant elevation in vagina weight was observed. All the DES-treated animals showed the vaginal opening (VO) on day 26.17 \u00b1 0.16. However, VO was not observed in any of the animals in control, vehicle control, BBP-, and DBP-treated groups up to PND 42, except in one animal each in vehicle control and DBP (100 mg\/kg)-treated groups. The data indicated that both DBP and BBP were unable to induce elevation in the uterine and ovarian weight. While DES treatment can accelerate the growth of uterus and ovary and alter the onset of puberty and estrous cyclicity in prepubertal rats. These suggest that these compounds may not have estrogenic potential\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233713491803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,6]],"date-time":"2013-07-06T00:49:18Z","timestamp":1373071758000},"page":"1296-1303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Assessment of estrogenic potential of di-\n                    <i>n<\/i>\n                    -butyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate\n                    <i>in vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Rahish","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive and Cytotoxicology, National Institute of Occupational Health (ICMR), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yogendra","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive and Cytotoxicology, National Institute of Occupational Health (ICMR), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anil K","family":"Gautam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive and Cytotoxicology, National Institute of Occupational Health (ICMR), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive and Cytotoxicology, National Institute of Occupational Health (ICMR), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","first-page":"176","article-title":"An assessment if in vivo estrogenic activity of butylbenzyl phthalate and its principal metabolites","volume":"42","author":"Brady AM","year":"1998","unstructured":"Brady AM, Moffat GJ, Hall MG, Martens F, Martens M, Nair R (1998) An assessment if in vivo estrogenic activity of butylbenzyl phthalate and its principal metabolites. Toxicologist 42: 176\u2013177.","journal-title":"Toxicologist"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(88)90150-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-203-43602"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","first-page":"53","volume-title":"Estrogens in the Environment","author":"Clark JH","year":"1980","unstructured":"Clark JH, Watson C, Upchurch S, McCormack S, Padykula H, Markaverich B, et al. (1980) Estrogen action in normal and abnormal cell growth. In: McLachlan JA (ed) Estrogens in the Environment. New York, NY: Elsevier, pp. 53\u201367."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.97105734"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Development of a uterotrophic response assay for assessment of estrogenic activity and reproductive system toxicity of dermally applied industrial chemicals and environmental pollutants","volume":"36","author":"De George GL","year":"1997","unstructured":"De George GL, Mitchell JM, Newcomb T, Newcomb G, Kieffer L, Cerven DR (1997) Development of a uterotrophic response assay for assessment of estrogenic activity and reproductive system toxicity of dermally applied industrial chemicals and environmental pollutants. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology (Suppl. Toxicol.) 36: 59.","journal-title":"Fundamental and Applied Toxicology (Suppl. Toxicol.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287398609530839"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-83797-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.97105802"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.01109785"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.5870"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/67.1.52"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Techniques for detection of estrogenicity","volume":"103","author":"Korach KS","year":"1995","unstructured":"Korach KS, McLachlan JA (1995) Techniques for detection of estrogenicity. Environmental Health Perspectives 103: 5\u20138.","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/54.1.154"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(97)00007-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/52.2.269"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.93101386"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.95103s73"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9810623"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","unstructured":"Monsanto (1996) Study to evaluate the effect of butyl benzyl phthalate on uterin growth in immature female rats after subcutaneous administration. Project No. Xx96.245 CTL\/R\/1278. Cheshire UK: Central Toxicology Laboratory."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-6238(00)00068-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/faat.1996.0156"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/54.2.338"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/rtph.1997.1100"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","volume-title":"Guidance and Protocol for the Prevalidation of the Rat Uterotrophic Screening Assay","author":"OECD","year":"1999","unstructured":"OECD (1999) Guidance and Protocol for the Prevalidation of the Rat Uterotrophic Screening Assay. Paris, France: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, ENV\/JM\/TG\/EDTA: 99 2\/ANN 1."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.1981.tb00695.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-76-6-1158"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.951031136"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00334638"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","unstructured":"US EPA Integrated Risk Information system (IRIS) (1990) Dibutyl phthalate. Available at: www.epa.gov\/iris\/subst\/0038.htm (accessed 15 December 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","unstructured":"US EPA Integrated Risk Information system (IRIS) (1993) Butyl benzyl phthalate. Available at: www.epa.gov\/iris\/subst\/0293.htm (accessed 15 December 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0397-239"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.97105102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","first-page":"282","article-title":"Examination of the in vitro and in vivo estrogenic activities of eight commercial phthalate esters","volume":"46","author":"Zacharewski TR","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zacharewski TR, Meek MD, Clemons JH, Wu ZF, Fielden MR, Matthews JB (1998) Examination of the in vitro and in vivo estrogenic activities of eight commercial phthalate esters. Toxicological Science 46: 282\u2013293.","journal-title":"Toxicological Science"}],"container-title":["Toxicology and Industrial Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0748233713491803","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0748233713491803","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0748233713491803","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:39:13Z","timestamp":1777667953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0748233713491803"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,5]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0748233713491803"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0748233713491803","relation":{},"ISSN":["0748-2337","1477-0393"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0748-2337","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0393","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,5]]}}}