{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T11:36:00Z","timestamp":1782992160511,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Ind Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The absence of studies that investigate the causes and risk factors of nonfatal occupational injury in Tunisia inhibits the development of effective preventive strategies. The objective of this study was to identify the causes and risk factors of nonfatal occupational injury in the private sector in Tunisia. We used retrospective data derived from the occupational injury reporting forms submitted to the Caisse Nationale d\u2019Assurance Maladie. A sample of 42,293 workers in the private sector for 2014 contains information on sociodemographic variables. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to investigate the association of cause-specific injury with demographic variables. The leading causes of nonfatal occupational injury were \u201cfalls\u201d (employee fall and falling objects; 36%) and \u201cstruck by objects\u201d (23%). Male employees were at higher risk of \u201cexposure to extreme temperatures\u201d (PR = 12 [7\u201345]), \u201casphyxia and poisoning\u201d (PR = 4 [2.4\u201312]), \u201ctransport and handling\u201d (PR = 2.4 [1.9\u20135]), \u201cfalling objects\u201d (PR = 2.3 [1.4\u20133.7]), and \u201cemployee fall\u201d (PR = 1.2 [1.1\u20131.5]). Although, rural areas were at higher risk to \u201casphyxia and poisoning\u201d (PR = 3.6 [1.1\u201311.4]), \u201ctransport and handling\u201d (PR = 2.5 [1.3\u20135.4]), and \u201cburns\u201d (PR = 1.3 [1.1\u20133]). It is important that effective interventions be developed to minimize the impact of falls and \u201cstruck by objects.\u201d The most vulnerable categories to occupational injury are less educated men, rural residents aged between 15 years and 24 years, and elderly employees (55 years and over). Thus, our findings can contribute to the planning of prevention intervention programs that should expand to the most vulnerable categories.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233719869509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,29]],"date-time":"2019-08-29T04:56:30Z","timestamp":1567054590000},"page":"558-566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Causes of nonfatal occupational injury in the private sector in Tunisia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4746-7674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelaziz","family":"Benkhalifa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole Sup\u00e9rieure des Sciences Economiques et Commerciales de Tunis, Universit\u00e9 de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Ayadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Sup\u00e9rieur de Gestion, Universit\u00e9 de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0748233719869509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2013-040884"},{"key":"bibr2-0748233719869509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260509354512"},{"key":"bibr3-0748233719869509","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 11th international conference on alcohol, drugs and traffic safety","author":"Barjonet P","year":"1989"},{"key":"bibr4-0748233719869509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-3-21"},{"key":"bibr5-0748233719869509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000236327"},{"key":"bibr6-0748233719869509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00220388.2016.1178384"},{"key":"bibr7-0748233719869509","unstructured":"Bureau of Labor Statistics (2018) Household data annual averages. 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Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/preview\/mmwrhtml\/mm5616a3.htm (accessed 01 July 2019)."},{"key":"bibr12-0748233719869509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-4-485"},{"key":"bibr13-0748233719869509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxq009"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr14-0748233719869509","volume":"19","author":"Cruz LS","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ethnicity and Disease"},{"key":"bibr15-0748233719869509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181e89905"},{"key":"bibr16-0748233719869509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17457300.2013.792283"},{"key":"bibr17-0748233719869509","volume-title":"National Injury Survey of Pakistan (NISP 1997\u201399)","author":"Ghaffar A","year":"2001","edition":"1"},{"key":"bibr18-0748233719869509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2003.019604"},{"key":"bibr19-0748233719869509","unstructured":"Institut National de la Statistique (2016) Tunis, Tunisia. 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