{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:34:45Z","timestamp":1777923285810,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Ind Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Arsenic poisoning is well-known for its innumerable toxic and carcinogenic effects. In vivo data on reproductive toxicity are also known but in vitro data are scant. Presently, we evaluated the in vitro toxic effects of sodium arsenite (NaAsO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) on adult mice testes and epididymal tissues using organ cultures. Testicular and epididymal fragments were incubated at 37\u00b0C and 33\u00b0C, respectively, with 1, 10, 50, and 100 \u00b5M concentrations of NaAsO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Cultures were allowed to incubate for 2 and 24 h. Levels of oxidative stress markers, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assay (TBARS), antioxidant enzymes, testosterone concentrations, and the extent of sperm DNA damage, were estimated. Results were analyzed statistically at p &lt; 0.05. Results demonstrated both time- and dose-dependent alterations whereby, following 24-h incubation with NaAsO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , substantial increases were noticeable in ROS and TBARS levels and sperm DNA damage ( p &lt; 0.001), while decreases ( p &lt; 0.001) occurred in catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase levels at 10, 50, and 100 \u00b5M concentrations. Incubations for 2 h revealed similar but relatively less toxic effects. Testosterone concentrations decreased significantly only after 24 h of incubation with 50 (1.95 vs. 2.93 ng g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ; p &lt; 0.01) and 100 \u00b5M (1.32 vs. 2.93 ng g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ; p &lt; 0.001) NaAsO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    concentrations. The study concluded that exposure of testicular and epididymal tissue fragments to arsenic under in vitro conditions induces rapid and immediate metabolic and genotoxic damage at higher concentrations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233719885574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]],"date-time":"2019-11-27T04:12:48Z","timestamp":1574827968000},"page":"660-669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["<i>In vitro<\/i>\n                    application of sodium arsenite to mice testicular and epididymal organ cultures induces oxidative, biochemical, hormonal, and genotoxic stress"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1254-1720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naureen","family":"Anwar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6030-4642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irfan Zia","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 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