{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T15:40:23Z","timestamp":1778600423719,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Ind Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Trifluoroiodomethane (CF\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    I) is a colorless and odorless gas used primarily as a fire suppressant. CF\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    I has low acute inhalation toxicity. The no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of CF\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    I for cardiac sensitization in dogs was 2000 ppm. The potential effects of 4-week inhalation exposure in both rats and mice have been examined. In rats, the NOAEL was 10,000 ppm, and in mice, the NOAEL was 10,000 ppm. In a subchronic inhalation study in rats, the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) was 20,000 ppm for thyroid-related effects; the study NOAEL (for non-thyroid-related effects) was 20,000 ppm. In a reproductive\/developmental inhalation toxicity study in rats, 20,000 ppm CF\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    I produced minimal general toxicity and no indication of reproductive or developmental toxicity. The LOAEL for parental toxicity (based on thyroid hormone effects) was 2000 ppm; excluding thyroid effects, the parental NOAEL was 7000 ppm CF\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    I. The observed effects on the thyroid in rats were considered of less relevance to human risk assessment than the other observed systemic effects because of known species-specific differences in sensitivity to thyroid hormone perturbations. There are no chronic toxicity or carcinogenicity studies available. CF\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    I had mixed results in various in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity assays. The NOAEL of 7000 ppm from the reproductive\/developmental inhalation study was used as the point of departure (POD) for workplace environmental exposure level (WEEL) value development. This POD was adjusted to account for interindividual variability, duration of exposure, and database limitations. The resulting 8-h time-weighted average WEEL value of 500 ppm is expected to provide a significant margin of safety against any potential adverse health effects in workers exposed to CF\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    I. A 15-min short-term exposure limit of 1500 ppm was also established to protect workers from potential cardiac effects produced by acute, high-dose inhalation of CF\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    I.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233720930549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T02:23:46Z","timestamp":1592360626000},"page":"310-321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I) (2019)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0748233720930549","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(97)00089-2"},{"key":"bibr2-0748233720930549","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(99)00156-4"},{"key":"bibr3-0748233720930549","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(98)00004-7"},{"key":"bibr5-0748233720930549","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(87)90227-4"},{"key":"bibr6-0748233720930549","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(87)90226-2"},{"key":"bibr7-0748233720930549","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0273-2300(03)00072-2"},{"key":"bibr70-0748233720930549","first-page":"173","volume":"387","author":"Capen CC","year":"1994","journal-title":"Progress in Clinical and Biological Research"},{"key":"bibr8-0748233720930549","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.10045"},{"key":"bibr4-0748233720930549","unstructured":"Corporation BioReliance (2017) In vivo mutation assay of iodotrifluoromethane (CF\n                      3\n                      I) at the cII locus in BigBlue\u00ae transgenic male F344 rats dosed via nose-only inhalation (Draft). BioReliance Corporation, Rockville, MD. Unpublished report for Honeywell Performance Materials and Technologies, Morris Plains, NJ."},{"key":"bibr71-0748233720930549","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408440600975242"},{"key":"bibr9-0748233720930549","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01480549809011643"},{"key":"bibr10-0748233720930549","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/089583799196673"},{"key":"bibr11-0748233720930549","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/faat.1996.2260"},{"key":"bibr12-0748233720930549","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/089583797198303"},{"key":"bibr13-0748233720930549","unstructured":"Genesys Research Corporation (1995a) Genetic toxicity evaluation of iodotrifluoromethane (CF\n                      3\n                      I). Volume II. Results of in vivo mouse bone marrow erythrocyte micronucleus testing. AL\/OE-TR-1995-0009. Armstrong Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH."},{"key":"bibr14-0748233720930549","unstructured":"Genesys Research Corporation (1995b) Genetic toxicity evaluation of iodotrifluoromethane (CF\n                      3\n                      I). Volume III: results of the forward mutation assay using L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. OE-TR-1995-0009. Armstrong Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH."},{"key":"bibr15-0748233720930549","unstructured":"Huntington Research Centre (1995) Iodotrifluoromethane and iodoheptafluorpropane assessment of cardiac sensitisation potential in dogs. AL\/OE-TR-1995-0031. Huntingdon Research Centre (UK); Report to Wright-Patterson AFB, Armstrong Laboratories, Toxicology Division, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH."},{"key":"bibr16-0748233720930549","unstructured":"Ledbetter A (1994) Acute inhalation toxicity of iodotrifluoromethane in rats. Final Report. Project No. 1530-001. ManTech Environmental Technology, Research Triangle Park, NC, for New Mexico Engineering Research Institute, Albuquerque. Cited in NRC."},{"key":"bibr17-0748233720930549","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2004.03.002"},{"key":"bibr18-0748233720930549","volume-title":"W, Report to Honeywell Inc. FY17-053B","author":"Lovelace Biomedical","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr19-0748233720930549","unstructured":"ManTech Environmental Technologies, Inc (1994) Two-week range-finding, nose-only inhalation exposure of F-344 male rats to trifluoroiodomethane (CF\n                      3\n                      I). AL\/OE-TR-1995-0135. In: Dodd DE (ed.) Toxic Hazards Research Unit (THRU) Annual Report, ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc., Dayton, OH, pp. 84\u201392."},{"key":"bibr20-0748233720930549","unstructured":"ManTech Environmental Technologies, Inc (1996) 90-day nose-only inhalation toxicity study of trifluoroiodomethane (CF\n                      3\n                      I) in male and female Fisher 344 Rats. Report No. AL\/OE-TR-1996-0024. ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc., Dayton, OH, for Armstrong Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH."},{"key":"bibr21-0748233720930549","volume-title":"Trifluoroiodomethane Safety Data Sheet","author":"Matheson Tri-Gas","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr22-0748233720930549","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(95)00139-5"},{"key":"bibr23-0748233720930549","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370390228592"},{"key":"bibr24-0748233720930549","unstructured":"NRC (2004) Iodotrifluoromethane: toxicity review. Washington, DCnrc 2004: Subcommittee on Iodotrifluoromethane, Committee on Toxicology, National Research Council (NRC), The National Academies. Available from: https:\/\/www.nap.edu\/catalog\/11090\/iodotrifluoromethane-toxicity-review (accessed 5 February 2018)."},{"key":"bibr25-0748233720930549","unstructured":"OECD (2008) OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4, Books\/OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4\/Test No. 407: Repeated Dose 28-day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents. Paris, France: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Available from: http:\/\/www.oecd-ilibrary.org\/environment\/test-no-407-repeated-dose-28-day-oral-toxicity-study-in-rodents_9789264070684-en (accessed 5 February 2018)."},{"key":"bibr26-0748233720930549","unstructured":"TNO (The Netherlands Organisation (2006) In-vivo chromosomal aberration test in bone marrow cells of rats treated with iodotrifluoromethane, administered by inhalation. TNO Quality of Life, Zeist, The Netherlands. Report for Honeywell International, Morristown, NJ. Ref. MA_RR-06-2823; V6202\/15."},{"key":"bibr27-0748233720930549","unstructured":"TNO (The Netherlands Organisation) (2007) Sub-acute (4-week) inhalation toxicity study, including unscheduled DNA synthesis and chromosomal aberration test, with CF\n                      3\n                      I in rats (Final). TNO Quality of Life, Zeist, The Netherlands. Report for Honeywell International, Morristown, NJ. Ref. MA_RR-07-3108; V6785."},{"key":"bibr28-0748233720930549","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370600822672"},{"key":"bibr29-0748233720930549","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.1996.tb01102.x"},{"key":"bibr30-0748233720930549","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00028899908984460"},{"key":"bibr72-0748233720930549","unstructured":"Wang G (2017) Tolerance and thyroid response study of trifluoroiodomethane in B6C3F1 male mice following up to 28-day repeat dose by whole body inhalation. Honeywell Inc. Report FY17-053B."},{"key":"bibr31-0748233720930549","unstructured":"Wikipedia Encyclopedia (2017) Trifluoroiodomethane. Wikipedia. Available from: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Trifluoroiodomethane&oldid=799312361 (accessed 5 February 2018)."}],"container-title":["Toxicology and Industrial Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0748233720930549","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0748233720930549","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0748233720930549","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:42:25Z","timestamp":1777668145000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0748233720930549"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0748233720930549"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0748233720930549","relation":{},"ISSN":["0748-2337","1477-0393"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0748-2337","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0393","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}}}