{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:35:00Z","timestamp":1777923300082,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["grant no. 81673138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant no. 81673138"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Ind Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Nickel (Ni) is a known human carcinogen that has an adverse effect on various human organs in occupational workers during Ni refinement and smelting. In the present study, we used real-time polymerase chain reactions, Western blot analysis, and a lactate production assay to investigate whether an increase in the NLRP3 inflammasome induced by Ni-refining fumes was associated with the Warburg effect in BEAS-2B cells, a nonmalignant pulmonary epithelial line. Exposure to Ni-refining fumes suppressed cell proliferation and increased lactate production compared with those in an untreated control group in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Ni-refining fumes induced the Warburg effect, which was observed based on increases in the levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1\u03b1, hexokinase 2, pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2, and lactate dehydrogenase A. In addition, Ni-refining fumes promoted increased expression of NLRP3 at both the gene and protein levels. Furthermore, inhibition of the Warburg effect by 2-Deoxy-d-glucose reversed the increased expression of NLRP3 induced by Ni-refining fumes. Collectively, our data demonstrated that the Warburg effect can promote the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome induced by the Ni-refining fumes in BEAS-2B cells. This indicates a new phenomenon in which alterations in energy production in human cells induced by Ni-refining fumes regulate the inflammatory response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233720937197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T08:42:52Z","timestamp":1602837772000},"page":"580-590","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Warburg effect promoted the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome induced by Ni-refining fumes in BEAS-2B cells"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheng-Yuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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