{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T18:04:15Z","timestamp":1783015455976,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597708800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R03ES020546"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03ES020546"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Ind Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Petroleum crude oil spills are common and vary in size and scope. Spill response workers throughout the course of remediation are exposed to so-called weathered oil and are known to report diverse health effects, including contact dermatitis. A murine model of repeated exposure to weathered marine crude oil was employed utilizing two strains of mice, C57BL\/6 and BALB\/c, to investigate the pathology of this irritant and identify the principal hydrocarbon components deposited in skin. Histopathology demonstrated clear signs of irritation in oil-exposed skin from both mouse strains, characterized by prominent epidermal hyperplasia (acanthosis). BALB\/c mice exposed to oil demonstrated more pronounced irritation compared with C57BL\/6 mice, which was characterized by increased acanthosis as well as increased inflammatory cytokine\/chemokine protein expression of IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, CXCL10, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, and CCL11. A gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry method was developed for the identification and quantification of 42 aliphatic and EPA priority aromatic hydrocarbons from full thickness skin samples of C57BL\/6 and BALB\/c mice exposed to oil samples. Aromatic hydrocarbons were not detected in skin; however, aliphatic hydrocarbons in skin tended to accumulate with carbon numbers greater than C16. These preliminary data and observations suggest that weathered crude oil is a skin irritant and this may be related to specific hydrocarbon components, although immune phenotype appears to impact skin response as well.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233720944354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T03:28:11Z","timestamp":1597721291000},"page":"788-799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluation of skin irritation following weathered crude oil exposure in two mouse strains"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Jesse M","family":"Kemp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA"},{"name":"Oklahoma Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Toxicology Laboratory, Oklahoma City, OK, 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