{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T22:13:32Z","timestamp":1780524812336,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005851","name":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["IR.SBMU.PHNS.REC.1396.55"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IR.SBMU.PHNS.REC.1396.55"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005851","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Ind Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The study on the health effects of combined exposure to various contaminants has been recommended by many authors. The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of the co-exposure to hematite and amorphous silicon dioxide (A-SiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) nanoparticles on the human lung A\n                    <jats:sub>549<\/jats:sub>\n                    cell line. The A\n                    <jats:sub>549<\/jats:sub>\n                    cell line was exposed to 10, 50, 100, and 250 \u00b5g\/ml concentrations of hematite and A-SiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanoparticles both independently and in combination. Their toxicity in both circumstances was investigated by MTT, intracellular reactive oxygen species, cell glutathione content, and mitochondrial membrane potential tests, and the type of interaction was investigated by statistical analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, v. 21). Results showed that the independent exposure to either hematite or A-SiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    compared with the control group produced more toxic effects on the A\n                    <jats:sub>549<\/jats:sub>\n                    cell line. The toxicity of combined exposure of the nanoparticles was lower compared with independent exposure, and antagonistic interactive effects were detected. The findings of this study could be useful in clarifying the present debate on the health effects of combined exposure of hematite and A-SiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanoparticles. Because of the complexities of combined exposures, further studies of this kind are recommended.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/07482337211002373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]],"date-time":"2021-06-03T14:51:51Z","timestamp":1622731911000},"page":"289-302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Interactive toxicity effect of combined exposure to hematite and amorphous silicon dioxide nanoparticles in human A\n                    <sub>549<\/sub>\n                    cell line"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Athena","family":"Rafieepour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Safety, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansour Rezazadeh","family":"Azari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fariba","family":"Khodagholi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jalal Pourahmad","family":"Jaktaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yadollah","family":"Mehrabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 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