{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T01:43:20Z","timestamp":1790473400154,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,25]],"date-time":"2021-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632528000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Higher Education Commission Pakistan for International Research Support Initiative Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Ind Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) are utilized extensively in various industrial applications. However, there are increasing concerns about potential exposure to Ni NPs and consequent health effects. The aim of this study was to assess Ni NPs-induced liver toxicity in Sprague Dawley rats. Twenty-five rats were exposed to Ni NPs via intraperitoneal injection at doses of 15, 30, and 45\u00a0mg\/kg per body weight for 28\u00a0days. Results from ICP-MS analysis showed an increase in the concentration of Ni NPs in a dose-dependent manner. The liver dysfunction was indicated by considerable production of ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, and TB in Ni NPs-treated rats. Histological examination demonstrated liver injuries (inflammatory cells, congestion, necrosis, and pyknosis) in exposed rats with dose-dependent severity of pathologies by semi-quantitative histograding system. To explore the toxicological pathways, we examined oxidative stress biomarkers and detected Ni NPs significantly elevated the levels of MDA and LPO while decreasing the levels of CAT and GSH. All the changes in biomarkers were recorded in a dose-dependent relationship. In addition, we found upregulated NF-k\u03b2 indicating activation of inflammatory cytokines. ELISA results of serum revealed a remarkable increase of nitrative stress markers (iNOS and NO), ATPase activity, inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-1\u03b2, and TNF-\u03b1), and apoptotic mediators (caspase-3 and caspase-9) in Ni NPs-treated groups than the control. In summary, the result of this study provided evidence of hepatotoxicity of Ni NPs and insightful information about the involved toxic pathways, which will help in health risk assessment and management, related preventive measures for the use of Ni-NPs materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/07482337211034711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,25]],"date-time":"2021-09-25T06:25:14Z","timestamp":1632551114000},"page":"619-634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Nickel nanoparticles induce hepatotoxicity via oxidative and nitrative stress-mediated apoptosis and inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8414-5498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shabnoor","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Pakistan Government College University, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhat","family":"Jabeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Pakistan Government College University, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3471-184X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Ajmal","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Umar","family":"Ijaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azhar","family":"Rasul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Pakistan Government College University, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shujat","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdur","family":"Rauf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi-Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaber ES","family":"Batiha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, AlBeheira, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"K\u0142odzi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Institute of Sport- National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-07482337211034711","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2011.02.015"},{"key":"bibr2-07482337211034711","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40089-014-0113-8"},{"key":"bibr3-07482337211034711","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2010.03.002"},{"key":"bibr4-07482337211034711","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205587"},{"key":"bibr5-07482337211034711","first-page":"3937","volume":"8","author":"Alarifi S","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Nanomedicine"},{"key":"bibr6-07482337211034711","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22015"},{"key":"bibr7-07482337211034711","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(79)90377-0"},{"key":"bibr8-07482337211034711","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40659-015-0008-9"},{"key":"bibr9-07482337211034711","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2004.08.028"},{"key":"bibr10-07482337211034711","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.12.7654"},{"key":"bibr11-07482337211034711","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3790"},{"key":"bibr12-07482337211034711","volume-title":"Environmental Protection Agency. 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