{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:34:21Z","timestamp":1777923261142,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669248000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007824","name":"American Chemistry Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006789","name":"Halogenated Solvents Industry Alliance","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006789","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Ind Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates chemical manufacture, import, processing, distribution, use, and disposal under the 2016 amended Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) for the purposes of protecting the public and sensitive populations\u2014including workers\u2014from chemical exposure risk. The publication of several TSCA risk evaluations provided a unique opportunity to evaluate the evolving regulatory approach for assessing the dermal exposure pathway in occupational settings. In this analysis, the occupational dermal exposure assessment methods employed in several TSCA risk evaluations were assessed. Specifically, a methodology review was conducted for the occupational dermal scenarios of manufacturing and feedstock use in the risk evaluations of three chlorinated organic chemicals: trichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, and perchloroethylene. Additionally, alternative exposure estimates were generated using the exposure model IH SkinPerm\n                    <jats:sup>TM<\/jats:sup>\n                    . The review and alternative exposure analyses indicate that the current TSCA modeling approach may generate total dermal absorbed doses for chlorinated chemical manufacturing and feedstock use scenarios that are 2- to 20-fold higher than those generated by IH SkinPerm. Best-practice recommendations developed in the methodology review support a tiered, integrated approach to dermal exposure assessment that emphasizes collecting qualitative data; employing validated, peer-reviewed models that align with current industrial practices; and gathering empirical sampling data where needed. Collaboration among industry, EPA, and other stakeholders to share information and develop a standard approach to exposure assessment under TSCA would improve the methodological rigor of, and increase confidence in, the risk evaluation results.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/07482337221140946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T12:27:38Z","timestamp":1669292858000},"page":"49-65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Analysis of dermal exposure assessment in the US Environmental Protection Agency Toxic Substances Control Act risk evaluations of chemical manufacturing"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6140-3482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather N","family":"Lynch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stantec (ChemRisk), Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren E","family":"Gloekler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stantec (ChemRisk), Aliso Viejo, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura H","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stantec (ChemRisk), Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua R","family":"Maskrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stantec (ChemRisk), Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Bevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Halogenated Solvents Industry Alliance, Inc, Arlington, VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stantec (ChemRisk), Cincinnati, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr2-07482337221140946","volume-title":"A Strategy for Assessing and Managing Occupational Exposures","author":"American Industrial Hygiene Association","year":"2015","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr3-07482337221140946","volume-title":"IH Apps & Tools","author":"American Industrial Hygiene Association","year":"2021"},{"key":"bibr4-07482337221140946","volume-title":"ASTM F739-20, Standard Test Method for Permeation of Liquids and Gases Through Protective Clothing Materials Under Conditions of Continuous Contact","author":"American Society for Testing and Materials","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr5-07482337221140946","first-page":"51","volume":"8","author":"Anderson SE","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environmental Health Insights Journal"},{"key":"bibr6-07482337221140946","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-002-0425-2"},{"key":"bibr7-07482337221140946","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15459620490275443"},{"key":"bibr8-07482337221140946","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxx098"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr9-07482337221140946","first-page":"607","volume":"48","author":"Cherrie JW","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annals of Occupational Hygiene Journal"},{"key":"bibr10-07482337221140946","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15298668991374534"},{"key":"bibr11-07482337221140946","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxx054"},{"key":"bibr12-07482337221140946","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.125045"},{"key":"bibr13-07482337221140946","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2011.06.002"},{"key":"bibr14-07482337221140946","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-002-0423-4"},{"key":"bibr15-07482337221140946","volume-title":"Presentation at the Australian Institute of.Occupational Hygienists (AIOH) 36th Annual Conference and Exhibition","author":"Drolet D","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr16-07482337221140946","unstructured":"Environmental Protection Agency (2004) In vitro dermal absorption rate testing of certain chemicals of interest to the occupational safety and health administration: final rule. 69 FR 22402."},{"key":"bibr17-07482337221140946","volume-title":"Exposure Factors Handbook","author":"Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr18-07482337221140946","volume-title":"ChemSTEER User Guide: Chemical Screening Tool for Exposures and Environmental Releases","author":"Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr19-07482337221140946","volume-title":"Final Risk Evaluation for Carbon Tetrachloride: Supplemental Information on Releases and Occuptational Exposure Assessment. 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