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Healthy Swiss albino male mice (240 in total, 48 groups) were exposed to either halothane\/sevoflurane\/isoflurane therapeutic doses alone (2\u00a0h); 1 or 2\u00a0gray of gamma radiation alone; or combined exposure. Frontal lobe brain samples from five animals were taken immediately and 2, 6, and 24\u00a0h after exposure. DNA damage and cellular repair index were analyzed using the alkaline comet assay and the tail intensity parameter. Elevated tail intensity levels for sevoflurane\/halothane were the highest at 6\u00a0h and returned to baseline within 24\u00a0h for sevoflurane, but not for halothane, while isoflurane treatment caused lower tail intensity than control values. Combined exposure demonstrated a slightly halothane\/sevoflurane protective and isoflurane protective effect, which was stronger for 2 than for 1\u00a0gray. Cellular repair indices and tail intensity histograms indicated different modes of action in DNA damage creation. Isoflurane\/sevoflurane\/halothane preconditioning demonstrated protective effects in sensitive brain cells in vivo. Owing to the constant increases in the combined use of radiotherapy and volatile anesthetics, further studies should explore the mechanisms behind these effects, including longer and multiple exposure treatments and in vivo brain tumor models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/07482337221145599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T10:23:26Z","timestamp":1672914206000},"page":"67-80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Brain DNA damaging effects of volatile anesthetics and 1 and 2\u00a0Gy gamma irradiation\n                    <i>in vivo<\/i>\n                    : Preliminary results"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Vesna","family":"Benkovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 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