{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:34:51Z","timestamp":1777923291508,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742342400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Ind Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Organophosphate pesticides, widely used in agriculture, are effective in pest control but pose environmental and health risks through soil, water, and air contamination. Exposure to these chemicals is linked to adverse human health effects, underscoring the need for environmentally sustainable practices. This study aimed to assess urinary organophosphate metabolites and examine the relationship between\n                    <jats:italic>GSTM1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>GSTT1<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene polymorphisms with biomarkers of oxidative stress among farmers in Himachal Pradesh exposed to pesticides. We collected urine samples (50\u00a0mL) from the exposed group to detect organophosphate metabolites using GC-MS. Blood samples (5\u00a0mL) were also obtained for\n                    <jats:italic>GSTM1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>GSTT1<\/jats:italic>\n                    genotyping and assessment of antioxidant enzyme activities. The results showed decreased enzymatic activity of SOD (2.92 \u00b1 1.07) and catalase (12.60 \u00b1 3.15) in the exposed group, with increased MDA levels (4.14 \u00b1 1.36), compared with the unexposed group (SOD: 7.04 \u00b1 1.34, catalase: 25.75 \u00b1 2.20, MDA: 1.15 \u00b1 0.18). No significant associations (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; .05) were found between GSTM1 or GSTT1 genotypes and SOD, catalase, or MDA activities. The study concluded that prolonged pesticide exposure induces oxidative stress linked to specific genetic variations, suggesting directions for further research into the toxicogenetics of pesticide exposure and its health implications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/07482337251325578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T09:32:42Z","timestamp":1742376762000},"page":"220-233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigating the relationship between pesticide exposure,\n                    <i>GSTM1<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>GSTT1<\/i>\n                    polymorphisms, and oxidative stress biomarkers in affected farmers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"family":"Hemlata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi (HP), India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Rani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi (HP), India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7231-0572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anil","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak (Haryana), India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saurabh Sudha","family":"Dhiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry, Biology and Health Sciences Department, Rapid City, SD, USA"},{"name":"Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Rapid City, SD, USA"},{"name":"Dimension Materials for Biofilm Engineering Science and Technology Research Center, Rapid City, SD, USA"},{"name":"Composite and Nanocomposite Advanced Materials-Biomaterials Research Center, Rapid City, SD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6043-3786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kanu","family":"Priya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, SBSR, Sharda University, Greater Noida (UP), India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anuradha","family":"Bhardwaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR- National Research Centre on Equine, Hisar (Haryana), India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gulab","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bionanotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi (HP), India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1852-3892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiv Kumar","family":"Giri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi (HP), India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2006.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05016-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41389-017-0025-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11120948"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0001-3765201520150181"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.1105.65.3"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Epidemiological, poisoning characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients admitted to the National Poisoning Control Centre at Karachi, Pakistan: a six-month analysis","volume":"25","author":"Amir A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Amir A, Haleem F, Mahesar G, et al. 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