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Pesticides are ubiquitous in the environment and besides targeting pests they also affect non-target organisms. This study was undertaken to evaluate the activity of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibition and its associated health effects in female tea plantation workers (TPW).\n                    <jats:italic>In silico<\/jats:italic>\n                    analysis was applied to identify whether pesticide exposure had an increased affinity after binding with the AChE enzyme, and the findings were validated by measuring the AChE activity in the plasma of study subjects by the biochemical analysis. The activity of AChE was found to be considerably compromised in TPW exposed to pesticides. Inhibition of AChE activity may lead to severe adverse health effects, such as cough, fatigue, and headache in TPW exposed to pesticides. Among all pesticides, \u03bb-cyhalothrin, fipronil, and fenazaquine had the highest binding affinity with AChE (\u221210.098\u00a0Kcal\/mol, \u22128.574\u00a0Kcal\/mol, and \u22128.507\u00a0Kcal\/mol, respectively) as compared to the other pesticides and their natural acetylcholine substrate (\u22124.398\u00a0Kcal\/mol). Based on\n                    <jats:italic>in<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:italic>silico<\/jats:italic>\n                    results, AChE was found to have the highest binding affinity with \u03bb-cyhalothrin, fipronil, and fenazaquine, and these pesticides could be responsible for the enzyme activity inhibition. Hence, these pesticides may cause more adverse health effects on humans compared to other pesticides. This finding on biomarker role for AChE may aid in the development of effective antidotes against pesticide exposure, thereby faciliating mitigation of negative health effects of pesticides.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/07482337251336580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T07:13:53Z","timestamp":1745478833000},"page":"294-313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Decreased activity of acetylcholine esterase as a biomarker of pesticide exposure in female tea plantation workers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3612-6022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shashi Nandar","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan"},{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Biomedical Informatics Centre, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakhi","family":"Kumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, Birla Institute of Technology &amp; Science Pilani, Pilani, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nawaid Hussain","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Ala-Too International University, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noor Saba","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Biomedical Informatics Centre, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnab","family":"Nayek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Biomedical Informatics Centre, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankita","family":"Sahu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tumor Biology Lab, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Banajit","family":"Bastia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meenakshi","family":"Ahluwalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0913-8906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheikh","family":"Raisuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun Kumar","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Biomedical Informatics Centre, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","first-page":"48","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology and treatment outcome of Hexaconazole poisoning \u2013 a prospective six-year study","volume":"10","author":"Acharya A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Acharya A, Panda A (2021) Clinical epidemiology and treatment outcome of Hexaconazole poisoning \u2013 a prospective six-year study. 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