{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:36:11Z","timestamp":1777923371490,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,8]],"date-time":"2025-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749340800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"TETFund National Research Fund 2023"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Ind Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study assessed the concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), nitrogen dioxide (NO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), and hydrogen sulfide (H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S) in chemical stores at Ogbete Market, Enugu, and Ogbo-ogwu Market, Onitsha, southeastern Nigeria, during the wet season (June to August 2024). Air quality measurements, taken from six randomly selected stores in each market and a control site (clothing store) located at about 900\u00a0m away, revealed that while concentrations of SO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and NO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    far exceeded public health guidelines (WHO), they remained below Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) limits. However, chronic low-level exposure, even within OSHA limits, can still lead to respiratory symptoms and reduced work productivity over time, especially in poorly ventilated indoor shops. Sampling was conducted at a height of 2\u00a0m above ground to reflect the breathing zone of an average adult, with data collected during morning and afternoon sessions to capture fluctuations in market activity. Using the Aeroqual Series 300 gas monitor, real-time results indicated hazardous conditions in many stores, and exposure factor\u2013adjusted air concentrations (EF-AACs) were calculated to assess actual exposure scenarios. Hazard quotients (HQs) for each pollutant showed a concerning risk of respiratory diseases, particularly from SO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and NO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    exposure, with multiple stores exhibiting HQ values greater than 1. The findings highlight the urgent need for improved ventilation and stricter regulations in these markets, while also contributing to the limited research on air quality in commercial environments in Nigeria. This study lays the foundation for future interventions aimed at protecting the health of workers in informal markets, advancing public health initiatives in regions with underdeveloped regulatory frameworks.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/07482337251349359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,8]],"date-time":"2025-06-08T08:17:57Z","timestamp":1749370677000},"page":"374-385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Air quality and health risks in chemical supply shops in southeastern Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1894-8006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francis Ugochukwu","family":"Madu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Umuagwo, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Iroha Akubugwo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toochukwu","family":"Ekwutosi Ogbulie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Friday","family":"Obinwa Uhegbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6451-6557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eni-yimini Solomon","family":"Agoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Otuoke, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oluchi","family":"Ulunma Nwosu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Umuagwo, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Assumpta","family":"Ugbonma Ugenyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Umuagwo, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Purity Chioma","family":"Ononogbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical laboratory, Medical Centre, Imo State Polytechnic, Omuma, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miracle Chinwenmeri","family":"Madu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health, Abia State College of Health Sciences and Management Technology, Aba, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","unstructured":"ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists) (2025) TLVs and BEIs: threshold limit values for chemical substances and physical agents & biological exposure indices. https:\/\/store.accuristech.com\/standards\/threshold-limit-values-for-chemical-substances-and-physical-agents-biological-exposure-indices?product_id=2926132 (accessed 28 March 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","volume-title":"Guidance for Inhalation Exposures","author":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)","year":"2020","unstructured":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) (2020) Guidance for Inhalation Exposures. 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