{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T19:05:24Z","timestamp":1789326324746,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Ind Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The protective efficiency of hesperidin (Hesp) against the bioaccumulation and neurotoxicity induced by nano-alumina (Al\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    NPs) in three brain regions (BR), hippocampus (Hippo), cortex (Cor), and brainstem (BS), has been investigated in rats. The study comprised a 30-day pre-treatment period followed by 7- and 14-days experimental periods (EP) of treatments (T). Rats were divided into four groups: Group I received de-ionized water (DW) daily via both intranasal and oral routes throughout the pre-treatment and T. Group II was administered intranasal DW daily during the pre-treatment period, followed by intranasal Al\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    NPs every other day during the T. Group III was administered oral Hesp daily during both the pre-treatment and T. Group IV received a daily oral Hesp during the pre-treatment. During the T, rats were given an intranasal Al\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    NPs every other day alongside a daily oral dose of Hesp. Animal sacrifice and tissue collection occurred on day 7 and day 14 of the T. The results showed a significant increase in aluminum (Al\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) ion accumulation in all BR of Group II as compared with the three other groups. In Group II, the levels of iron (Fe\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), zinc (Zn\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), glutathione (GSH), as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly decreased. Tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-\u03b1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were markedly elevated in this group. Significant inverse correlations were observed between Al\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ion accumulation and the levels of Fe\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , Zn\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , GSH, as well as the activities of SOD and CAT. In contrast, a significant positive correlation was found between Al\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    accumulation and TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 levels. In conclusion, co-administration of Hesp with Al\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    NPs reduced the neurotoxic effects of Al\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    NPs. The present findings suggest that Hesp protected against Al\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    NPs-induced neurotoxicity by limiting Al\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ion bioaccumulation, thereby alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/07482337261486662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T07:42:32Z","timestamp":1789112552000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Protective effects of hesperidin against nano-alumina in the rat brain: Bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4971-0065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dina M.","family":"El-Gridly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ain Shams University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed R.","family":"Ezzat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ain Shams University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitham S.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cairo University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gamal M.","family":"Morsy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cairo University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/bcse.v38i2.8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2023.102516"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05016-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17712\/nsj.2025.1.20240052"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2018.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.11658"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/MI.2005.273"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17435390.2025.2511694"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2023.2236327"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","first-page":"280","article-title":"Neuroprotective potentials of flavonoids: experimental studies and mechanisms of action","volume":"12","author":"Bellavite P","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bellavite P (2023) Neuroprotective potentials of flavonoids: experimental studies and mechanisms of action. 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