{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T22:12:57Z","timestamp":1783548777692,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,2,1]],"date-time":"1999-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":917827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Ind Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study was designed to determine if long-term exposure to high doses of methoxychlor (M) would alter pituitary or testicular endocrine functions in either an estrogenic or antiandrogenic manner. Weanling male Long-Evans hooded rats were dosed daily with M (po) at 0, 200, 300, or 400 mg kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    day\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    for 10 months. Methoxychlor treatment delayed puberty by as much as 10 weeks and reduced fertility and copulatory plug formation in a dose-related manner at the initial mating. During mating, M-treated males exhibited shorter latencies to mount and ejaculate versus control males, but the number of intromissions prior to ejaculation was unaffected, indicating that M enhanced the arousal level in the males in an estrogen-dependent manner. Most treated males eventually mated but time-to-pregnancy was lengthened. Very low sperm counts were associated with infertility, while prolonged delays in puberty reduced fecundity. Methoxychlor treatment with 200 to 400 mg kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    day\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    failed to mimic the chronic effects of a sustained (8 months) low dose of estradiol-17\u03b2 (3-mm silastic implants) on pituitary or testicular hormone levels. Estradiol administration increased pituitary weight 4-fold, serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) were reduced by almost 50%, and serum prolactin was increased 40-fold, while M did not affect any of these measures. These data demonstrate that M affects the CNS, epididymal sperm numbers, and the accessory sex glands and delays mating without significantly affecting the secretion of LH, prolactin, or testosterone. These data indicate that M did not alter pituitary endocrine function in either an estrogenic or antiandrogenic manner. To our knowledge, these data provide the first in vivo example of such a pronounced degree of target tissue selectivity to an environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/074823379901500105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,18]],"date-time":"2007-01-18T20:19:25Z","timestamp":1169151565000},"page":"37-47","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The estrogenic and antiandrogenic pesticide methoxychlor alters the reproductive tract and behavior without affecting pituitary size or LH and prolactin secretion in male rats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Joseph","family":"Ostby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Branch, Reproductive Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph L.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Branch, Reproductive Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William R.","family":"Kelce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"L. Earl","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Branch, Reproductive Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","first-page":"446","volume":"1","author":"Bal, H. S.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Proc. Int. Cong. 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