{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T06:38:07Z","timestamp":1777790287306,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,1]],"date-time":"2003-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1059696000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biol Rhythms"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Nonphotic phase shifting of circadian rhythms was examined in female Syrian hamsters. Animals were stimulated at zeitgeber time 4.5 by either placing them in a novel running wheel or by transferring them to a clean home cage. Placement in a clean home cage was more effective than novel wheel treatment in stimulating large (&gt; 1.5 h) phase shifts. Peak phase shifts (ca. 3.5 h) and the percentage of females showing large phase shifts were comparable to those found in male hamsters stimulated with novel wheels. The amount of activity induced by nonphotic stimulation and the amount of phase shifting varied slightly with respect to the 4-day estrous cycle. Animals tended to run less and shift less on the day of estrus. Nonphotic stimulation on proestrus often resulted in a 1-day delay of the estrous cycle reflected in animals' postovulatory vaginal discharge and the expression of sexual receptivity (lordosis). This delay of the estrous cycle was associated with large phase advances and high activity. These results extend the generality of nonphotic phase shifting to females for the first time and raise the possibility that resetting of circadian rhythms can induce changes in the estrous cycle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730403254005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,6]],"date-time":"2003-08-06T17:43:37Z","timestamp":1060191817000},"page":"307-317","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Nonphotic Phase Shifting in Female Syrian Hamsters: Interactions with the Estrous Cycle"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"L. Young","family":"Janik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI 54702,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Janik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI 54702"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-78-6-1125"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-88-6-1368"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-24-09326.2000"},{"key":"atypb4","unstructured":"Aschoff J (1965) Response curves in circadian periodicity. In Circadian Clocks, J Aschoff, ed, pp 95-111, North-Holland, Amsterdam."},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)90801-S"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003590050175"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1972.222.1.129"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buxton OM, Frank SA, Littermite-Baleriaux M, Leproult R, Turek FW, and Van Cauter E (1997) Roles of intensity and duration of nocturnal exercise in causing phase delays of human circadian rhythms. Am J Physiol 273:E536-E542.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1997.273.3.E536"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.12.7830"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.73.8.2923"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(01)00509-1"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glass JD, Tardif SD, Clements R, and Mrosovsky N (2001) Photic and nonphotic circadian phase resetting in a diurnal primate, the common marmoset. Am J Physiol 280:R191-R-197.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2001.280.1.R191"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(74)90146-2"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074873099129000812"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(93)90135-3"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/218173a0"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lisk RD (1985) The estrous cycle. In The Hamster: Reproduction and Behavior, HI Siegel ed, pp 23-51, Plenum Press, New York.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-0815-8_2"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.26.15211"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(96)00408-8"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morin LP (1979) Effect of ovarian hormones on synchrony of hamster circadian rhythms. Physiol Behav 24:741-749.","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(80)90406-0"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.557840"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01342701"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074873049100600207"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1996.tb01278.x"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074873049200700104"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07420529808998679"},{"key":"atypb27","unstructured":"Orsini MW (1961) The external vaginal phenomena characterizing the stages of the estrous cycle, pregnancy, pseudopregnancy, lactation, and the anestrous hamster. Proc Anim Care Panel 11:193-206."},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074873048900400103"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(66)80044-1"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rusak B, Mistlberger RE, Losier B, and Jones CH (1988) Daily hoarding opportunity entrains the pacemaker for hamster activity rhythms. J Comp Physiol A164:165-171.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00603948"},{"key":"atypb31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-98-1-48"},{"key":"atypb32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.942799"},{"key":"atypb33","unstructured":"Stetson MH and Watson-Whitmyre M (1977) The neural clock regulating estrous cyclicity in hamsters: gonadotropin release following barbiturate blockade. Biol Reprod 16:536-542."},{"key":"atypb34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.4001926"},{"key":"atypb35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takahashi JS and Menaker M (1980) Interaction of estradiol and progesterone: effects on circadian locomotor rhythm of female golden hamsters. Am J Physiol 239:R497-R504.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1980.239.5.R497"},{"key":"atypb36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zucker I, Fitzgerald KM, and Morin LP (1980) Sex differentiation of the circadian system in the golden hamster. Am J Physiol 238:R97-R101.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1980.238.1.R97"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biological Rhythms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0748730403254005","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0748730403254005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:59:53Z","timestamp":1777492793000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0748730403254005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0748730403254005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0748730403254005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0748-7304","1552-4531"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0748-7304","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-4531","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]}}}