{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T03:22:08Z","timestamp":1791861728378,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,31]],"date-time":"2012-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338422400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biol Rhythms"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Many nonvisual functions are regulated by light through a photoreceptive system involving melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells that are maximally sensitive to blue light. Several studies have suggested that the ability of light to modulate circadian entrainment and to induce acute effects on melatonin secretion, subjective alertness, and gene expression decreases during aging, particularly for blue light. This could contribute to the documented changes in sleep and circadian regulatory processes with aging. However, age-related modification in the impact of light on steady-state pupil constriction, which regulates the amount of light reaching the retina, is not demonstrated. We measured pupil size in 16 young (22.8 \u00b1 4 years) and 14 older (61 \u00b1 4.4 years) healthy subjects during 45-second exposures to blue (480 nm) and green (550 nm) monochromatic lights at low (7 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>12<\/jats:sup>\n                    photons\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/s), medium (3 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    photons\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/s), and high (10\n                    <jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>\n                    photons\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/s) irradiance levels. Results showed that young subjects had consistently larger pupils than older subjects for dark adaptation and during all light exposures. Steady-state pupil constriction was greater under blue than green light exposure in both age groups and increased with increasing irradiance. Surprisingly, when expressed in relation to baseline pupil size, no significant age-related differences were observed in pupil constriction. The observed reduction in pupil size in older individuals, both in darkness and during light exposure, may reduce retinal illumination and consequently affect nonvisual responses to light. The absence of a significant difference between age groups for relative steady-state pupil constriction suggests that other factors such as tonic, sympathetic control of pupil dilation, rather than light sensitivity per se, account for the observed age difference in pupil size regulation. Compared to other nonvisual functions, the light sensitivity of steady-state pupil constriction appears to remain relatively intact and is not profoundly altered by age.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730412441172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,31]],"date-time":"2012-05-31T15:39:51Z","timestamp":1338478791000},"page":"257-264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Does Pupil Constriction under Blue and Green Monochromatic Light Exposure Change with Age?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Daneault","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Neuroimaging Unit, University of Montreal Geriatric Institute, Qc, Canada"},{"name":"Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine (CARSM), H\u00f4pital du Sacr\u00e9-C\u0153ur de Montr\u00e9al, Qc, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Qc, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Vandewalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Neuroimaging Unit, University of Montreal Geriatric Institute, Qc, Canada"},{"name":"Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine (CARSM), H\u00f4pital du Sacr\u00e9-C\u0153ur de Montr\u00e9al, Qc, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Qc, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"H\u00e9bert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire en Sant\u00e9 Mentale de Qu\u00e9bec, Qc Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petteri","family":"Teikari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard, Lyon I, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludovic S.","family":"Mure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard, Lyon I, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Doyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Neuroimaging Unit, University of Montreal Geriatric Institute, Qc, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Qc, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claude","family":"Gronfier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard, Lyon I, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard M.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell and Brain Research 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