{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T17:47:35Z","timestamp":1791395255785,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY018863"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY018863"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MH111276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH111276"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biol Rhythms"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Beyond visual perception, light has non-image-forming effects mediated by melanopsin-expressing, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). The present study first used multielectrode array recordings to show that in a diurnal rodent, Nile grass rats ( Arvicanthis niloticus), ipRGCs generate rod\/cone-driven and melanopsin-based photoresponses that stably encode irradiance. Subsequently, two ipRGC-mediated non-image-forming effects, namely entrainment of daily rhythms and light-induced arousal, were examined. Animals were first housed under a 12:12\u2009h light\/dark cycle (lights-on at 0600\u2009h) with the light phase generated by a low-irradiance fluorescent light (F12), a daylight spectrum (D65) stimulating all photoreceptors, or a narrowband 480\u2009nm spectrum (480) that maximized melanopsin stimulation and minimized S-cone stimulation (\u03bb\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    360\u2009nm) compared to D65. Daily rhythms of locomotor activities showed onset and offset closer to lights-on and lights-off, respectively, in D65 and 480 than in F12, and higher day\/night activity ratio under D65 versus 480 and F12, suggesting the importance of S-cone stimulation. To assess light-induced arousal, 3-h light exposures using 4 spectra that stimulated melanopsin equally but S-cones differentially were superimposed on F12 background lighting: D65, 480, 480\u2009+\u2009365 (narrowband 365\u2009nm), and D65 \u2212 365. Compared to the F12-only condition, all four pulses increased in-cage activity and promoted wakefulness, with 480\u2009+\u2009365 having the greatest and longest-lasting wakefulness-promoting effects, again indicating the importance of stimulating S-cones as well as melanopsin. These findings provide insights into the temporal dynamics of photoreceptor contributions to non-image-forming photoresponses in a diurnal rodent that may help guide future studies of lighting environments and phototherapy protocols that promote human health and productivity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/07487304231170068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T08:00:57Z","timestamp":1684915257000},"page":"366-378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["S-Cone Photoreceptors Regulate Daily Rhythms and Light-Induced Arousal\/Wakefulness in Diurnal Grass Rats (\n                    <i>Arvicanthis niloticus<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Antony B.","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Architecture, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma M.","family":"Beaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen G.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6361-1496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lance J.","family":"Kriegsfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California"},{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California"},{"name":"The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, 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