{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T17:48:47Z","timestamp":1782323327234,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N92023D00002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N92023D00002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N92023D00003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N92023D00003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N92023D00004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N92023D00004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N92023D00005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N92023D00005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N92023D00006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N92023D00006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL152442"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL152442"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biol Rhythms"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Chronotype indicates a person\u2019s \u201ccircadian preference,\u201d that is, the time of day when they prefer to perform certain activities (e.g. a \u201cmorning\u201d vs \u201cevening\u201d person). Sleep timing is related to chronotype but is also constrained by social requirements. When sleep timing does not align with chronotype, circadian disruption can occur, and circadian disruption impairs cardiometabolic health. There are well-known racial disparities in cardiometabolic health whereby Black adults are at higher risk. It is not well-known, however, whether sleep timing within each chronotype varies between Black and White adults, which was the focus of these analyses. These data are from a cross-sectional sleep study conducted in 2020 to 2023 as an ancillary to the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort study, in the United States. The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) captured chronotype in 2,373 participants aged 52\u201370\u2009years. Chronotype was based on both overall MEQ score and question 19 categories. A subset of participants wore a wrist actigraphy monitor for ~7\u2009days to assess sleep timing (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009720). Our sample included 27% Black women, 17% Black men, 33% White women, and 24% White men. Mean MEQ score and chronotype distribution did not differ among race-gender groups. Among morning types, Black women and men had a later sleep start and midpoint than White women (23\u201334\u2009minutes later for Black women, 32\u201353\u2009minutes for Black men). Among intermediate types, Black women had significantly later sleep start (55\u2009minutes later) and midpoint (44\u2009minutes later), and Black men had a later sleep start (50\u2009minutes later) than White women adjusting for age and study site. In summary, regardless of chronotype, Black adults had later sleep timing than White adults.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/07487304251315596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T00:28:29Z","timestamp":1738974509000},"page":"171-180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Chronotype and Sleep Timing by Race-Gender: The CARDIA Sleep Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2751-6168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristen L.","family":"Knutson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn J.","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandy","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaina J.","family":"Alexandria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8709-4083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. Justin","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cora E.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela J.","family":"Schreiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Sidney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiarri","family":"Kershaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercedes R.","family":"Carnethon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(91)90110-W"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7836"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000534"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.9060"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07420528.2012.700670"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(88)90080-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18136738"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"The owl and lark questionnaire","volume":"4","author":"Horne JA","year":"1976","unstructured":"Horne JA, Ostberg O (1976) The owl and lark questionnaire. 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