{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:08:54Z","timestamp":1792588134950,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745625600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745625600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biol Rhythms"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    While circadian disruptions are common in some sub-groups of youth with mood disorders, skin temperature rhythms in these cohorts are understudied. We examined 24-h wrist skin temperature rhythms in youth with emerging mood disorders, exploring associations with clinical stage and proposed illness subtypes. Youth (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009306, 23.42\u2009\u00b1\u20094.91\u2009years, 65% females) accessing mental health care and 48 healthy controls (23.44\u2009\u00b1\u20093.38\u2009years, 60% females) were examined. Skin temperature parameters including rhythm-adjusted mean temperature, inter-daily stability (day-to-day consistency), intra-daily variability (rhythm fragmentation), and peak temperature time were derived from a wearable sensor. Based on our illness trajectory-pathophysiology model, participants were classified by mood disorder subtypes (\u201chyperarousal-anxious\u201d [\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009209], \u201cneurodevelopmental-psychosis\u201d [\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200940], or \u201ccircadian-bipolar spectrum\u201d [\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200943]), as well as by clinical stage (subthreshold disorders classed as 1a or 1b [\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200947, 173, respectively], and full-threshold disorders as 2+ [\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200976]). Compared to controls, youth with mood disorders had delayed, less stable, and more variable skin temperature rhythms, indicated by lower rhythm-adjusted mean skin temperature (29.94\u2009\u00b1\u20090.10 \u00b0C vs 31.04\u2009\u00b1\u20090.25 \u00b0C,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), delayed peak timing (0533\u2009\u00b1\u20090014 vs 0332\u2009\u00b1\u20090036,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.002), reduced inter-daily stability (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.009), and increased intra-daily variability (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.020). Peak skin temperature also occurred later relative to sleep midpoint (0.31\u2009\u00b1\u20090.14 vs \u22120.48\u2009\u00b1\u20090.35\u2009radians,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.037). The \u201ccircadian-bipolar spectrum\u201d subtype exhibited lower relative amplitude (0.07\u2009\u00b1\u20090.005 vs 0.08\u2009\u00b1\u20090.002 [hyperarousal-anxious] and 0.09\u2009\u00b1\u20090.005 [neurodevelopmental-psychosis],\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.039), with no delay in sleep midpoint. Clinical stages were not associated with differences in skin temperature parameters. These findings highlight the potential of use of 24-h skin temperature rhythms as a non-invasive biomarker of circadian disturbances in youth with emerging mood disorders. The observed disruptions in temperature patterns and rhythmicity support the notion that disrupted circadian rhythms may mediate the onset or illness course of some subgroups of youth with emerging major mood disorders.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/07487304251328501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T04:35:11Z","timestamp":1745642111000},"page":"262-274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Twenty-four-hour Skin Temperature Rhythms in Young People With Emerging Mood Disorders: Relationships With Illness Subtypes and Clinical Stage"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1648-341X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirim","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Youth Mental Health and Technology, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9766-6700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne S.","family":"Carpenter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Youth Mental Health and Technology, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1309-0506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shin H.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Youth Mental Health and Technology, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connie","family":"Janiszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Youth Mental Health and Technology, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emiliana","family":"Tonini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Youth Mental Health and Technology, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"McKenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Youth Mental Health and Technology, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1822-3328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabrielle","family":"Hindmarsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Youth Mental Health and Technology, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Iorfino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Youth Mental Health and Technology, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alissa","family":"Nichles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Youth Mental Health and Technology, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Zmicerevska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Youth Mental Health and Technology, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Youth Mental Health and Technology, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4442-3956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin 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