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We previously demonstrated that the skeletal muscle clock controls transcript oscillations of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism in the liver, yet the impact of the liver clock on the muscle remained unknown. Here, we use male hepatocyte-specific\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bmal1<\/jats:italic>\n                    KO mice (Bmal1\n                    <jats:sup>hep\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) to reveal that approximately one-third of transcript rhythms in skeletal muscle are influenced by the liver clock in vivo. Treatment of myotubes with serum harvested from Bmal1\n                    <jats:sup>hep\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice inhibits expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways, including oxidative phosphorylation. Only small transcriptional changes were induced by liver clock-driven endocrine communication in vitro, leading us to surmise that the liver clock acts to fine-tune metabolic gene expression in muscle. Consistent with functional tuning, treatment of myotubes with serum collected from\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bmal1<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>hep\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice during the dark phase lowers mitochondrial ATP production compared with serum from wild-type mice. Overall, our results reveal communication between the liver clock and skeletal muscle, uncovering a bidirectional endocrine communication pathway that may contribute to the metabolic phenotypes of circadian disruption.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/07487304251386926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T05:28:26Z","timestamp":1767590906000},"page":"278-291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Liver Clock Tunes Transcriptional Rhythms in Skeletal Muscle to Regulate Mitochondrial Function"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Valentina","family":"Sica","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3044-6874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoki","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7164-1743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Tsialtas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry &amp; 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