{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T10:47:56Z","timestamp":1792925276959,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biol Rhythms"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Moon\u2019s motion around the Earth is complex, governed by interactions among several types of cycles that arise from different aspects of its orbit. The 29.53-day synodic cycle occurs as the Moon passes through new-moon and full-moon alignments (syzygies) with the Earth and the Sun. The 27.32-day tropical cycle occurs as the Moon moves back and forth between its northernmost and southernmost positions (standstills) relative to the plane of the Earth\u2019s equator. The 27.55-day anomalistic cycle occurs as the Moon moves back and forth from its nearest and farthest distances from the Earth (perigees and apogees). The Moon\u2019s effects on luminance and gravity at the Earth\u2019s surface are greatest at times of syzygies, standstills, and perigees. Here, based on periodogram analyses of 14.5 patient-year records of a circular, rapid cycling type of bipolar disorder, we show that onsets of mania in a given individual can recur in association with 2 or more lunar cycles simultaneously, and with conjunctions of syzygies of the synodic cycle with standstills of the tropical cycle or with perigees of the anomalistic cycle. The results are consistent with the fact that the Moon\u2019s effects at the Earth\u2019s surface are the result of interactions among all of its constituent cycles, and they highlight the potential importance of long-term longitudinal designs in studies of lunar influence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/07487304261443610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T06:28:26Z","timestamp":1778740106000},"page":"636-652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Variations in the Timing of Bipolar Mood Cycles Associated With Interactions of the Moon\u2019s Synodic, Tropical, and Anomalistic Cycles"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4559-9964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Wehr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Intramural Research Program, NIMH (Retired), Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Avery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","volume-title":"Washington (DC)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2022","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2022) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR). 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Bull Acad Natl M\u00e9d 19:382-415.","journal-title":"Bull Acad Natl M\u00e9d"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adw4096"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abe1358"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(96)02854-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1209\/0295-5075\/132\/20001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.01.27.701907"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaf230"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/brhm.30.2.178.1422"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730411414264"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5193(78)90022-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.098"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4365\/aab766"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.159.4.576"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.263"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-018-0203-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","article-title":"Circadian rhythms in psychiatry","author":"Wehr TA","year":"1983","unstructured":"Wehr TA, Goodwin FK (1983) Circadian rhythms in psychiatry. Pacific Grove (CA): Boxwood Press.","journal-title":"Pacific Grove (CA): Boxwood Press"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.144.11.1403"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wehr TA Helfrich-F\u00f6rster C (2021) Longitudinal observations call into question the scientific consensus that humans are unaffected by lunar cycles. BioEssays 46:e2100054.","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.202100054"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","article-title":"Suppression of human responses to seasonal changes in day-length by modern artificial light","volume":"269","author":"Wehr TA","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wehr TA, Giesen HA, Moul DE, Turner EH, Schwartz PJ (1995) Suppression of human responses to seasonal changes in day-length by modern artificial light. 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