{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:44:31Z","timestamp":1792813471782,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014364","name":"Samsung Science and Technology Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SSTF-BA1902-01, J.K.K."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SSTF-BA1902-01, J.K.K."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014364","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS- 2022-NR068758, J.K.K."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS- 2022-NR068758, J.K.K."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010446","name":"Institute for Basic Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IBS-R029-C3, J.K.K."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IBS-R029-C3, J.K.K."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010446","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biol Rhythms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is characterized by an urge to move that occurs in the evening or night time, suggesting circadian involvement. However, objective evidence regarding the circadian phase in RLS remains limited, particularly in real-world settings. We conducted an exploratory pilot study to investigate circadian rhythm timing in patients with RLS using actigraphy-based dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) estimation and to explore its potential association with symptom severity. Patients with idiopathic RLS (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200921) and age- and sex-matched chronic insomnia controls (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200921) underwent 14\u2009days of wrist actigraphy to assess rest-activity rhythms and obtain estimated DLMO (eDLMO) from an actigraphy-based mathematical model. Symptom severity was evaluated with the International RLS Study Group rating scale (IRLS). Group comparisons and correlation analyses were conducted in an exploratory manner given the sample size. Patients with RLS (mean age 61.2\u2009\u00b1\u20097.7\u2009years, 90% female) demonstrated a non-significant trend toward delayed eDLMO compared with insomnia controls (mean age 61.7\u2009\u00b1\u20097.1\u2009years, 90% female; 10:01 PM\u2009\u00b1\u200947\u2009min vs 9:33 PM\u2009\u00b1\u200949\u2009min,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.069, Cohen\u2019s d\u2009=\u20090.58). Within the RLS group, higher IRLS scores were modestly associated with later eDLMO (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.0726,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.038), after adjusting for age and depressive symptoms. In contrast, eDLMO was not significantly associated with Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) or Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores in the insomnia control group. In this exploratory pilot study, patients with RLS showed a tendency toward delayed estimated circadian phase compared with insomnia controls, and later estimated circadian phase was modestly associated with greater RLS symptom severity. These findings support a possible link between circadian phase delay and clinical burden in RLS but require confirmation in larger studies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/07487304261456963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T10:13:06Z","timestamp":1783505586000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Circadian Rhythm in Restless Legs Syndrome and Its Association With Symptom Severity: An Actigraphy-Based Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Se Young","family":"Bang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aqsa","family":"Awan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Data Science, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Biomedical Mathematics Group, Pioneer Research Center for Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongju","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Mathematics Group, Pioneer Research Center for Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sungeun","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian B","family":"Koo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7842-2172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Kyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Data Science, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Biomedical Mathematics Group, Pioneer Research Center for Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5528-9081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ki-Young","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(00)00065-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa180"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13040613"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dermanowski MM Wichniak A Hejduk A Kuczy\u0144ska J Dominiak M Mierzejewski P (2023) Behavioural parameters of circadian rhythm are not correlated with dim light melatonin onset: an observational study on healthy volunteers. 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