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To survive the winter, they undergo a photoperiodically controlled diapause triggered by the decreasing photoperiod in late summer to autumn. Previous studies have shown that the critical photoperiod at which diapause is triggered depends on latitude. Fly populations living at high latitudes have a longer critical photoperiod than populations living at low latitudes, meaning that they enter diapause earlier. It is not yet fully understood how fly species measure photoperiod, but there is increasing evidence that the circadian clock is involved in this process. A recent study on\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">D. littoralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    has shown that the properties of the circadian clock change with latitude in parallel with the latitudinal changes in critical photoperiod, supporting this hypothesis. In\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">D. montana<\/jats:italic>\n                    , latitudinal clines have been observed in several diapause-related traits that have not yet been studied in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">D. littoralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . However, it is not known whether\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">D. montana<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations exhibit similar latitudinal clines in circadian clock traits as\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">D. littoralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Here, we compare the circadian clock and diapause traits of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">D. littoralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains from different latitudes in Europe and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">D. montana<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations from different latitudes in North America, using previously published data and determining missing parameters. We show that the two species exhibit similar latitudinal clines in circadian clock traits such as rhythm strength and timing of evening activity, as well as in diapause-related traits such as critical photoperiod, critical temperature, post-reproductive diapause and stability of photoperiodic time-measurement, with minor differences in the correlation between latitude and the expression pattern of the neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor. Overall, our findings give new insight into the role of the circadian clock in measuring photoperiods that are essential for diapause induction in both\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    species.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/07487304261461316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T06:52:45Z","timestamp":1784616765000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Latitudinal Clines in Diapause Onset and Circadian Clock Characteristics in\n                    <i>Drosophila littoralis<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Drosophila montana<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5954-5919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Manoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurobiology and Genetics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University of W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pekka","family":"Lankinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5407-7992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anneli","family":"Hoikkala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0859-9092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"Helfrich-F\u00f6rster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurobiology and Genetics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University of W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2004262117"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/707209"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.108.099069"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1910(78)90088-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730418798096"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15014-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2019.09.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.241391498"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730410365656"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-023-01643-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/501032"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/374344"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00246.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1438-8677.1937.tb01941.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-023-01674-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0209331"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13355-022-00785-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14180"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-09-03339.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-023-01667-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2023.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hidalgo S Rio RD Tabuloc CA Perez Hernandez LA Berry AL Cai YD Lewald KM Chiu JC (2025) Splicing of a core clock gene regulates seasonal adaptations by a winter gating mechanism. bioRxiv (Preprint). 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