{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T06:42:47Z","timestamp":1777790567363,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1991,6,1]],"date-time":"1991-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":675734400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biol Rhythms"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The circadian rhythm of melatonin output displayed by chick pineal cells in static culture damps rapidly in constant red light (RR). This can be seen in the first cycle following a switch from a cycle of 12 hr white light (L) and 12 hr red light (R) to RR. Melatonin output is higher during the \"day\" in R than it is in L, but higher that next night (in R) after daytime L than after daytime R. This effect might be due entirely to the entraining effect of L. Alternatively, the higher nocturnal output after daytime L could be related to the acute suppression caused by L; it might be a \"rebound\" phenomenon. These alternative hypotheses differ in their predictions for the effects of norepinephrine (NE) and pertussis toxin (PT). Previous results dissociated the acute and entraining effects of L: PT blocks the acute effect but not the entraining effect of L. NE mimics the acute effect of L (and is blocked by PT), but not the entraining effect. If L prevents damping entirely by entrainment, then NE should not mimic and PT should not block this same-cycle effect of daytime L on nocturnal melatonin output. However, the present research found that NE did mimic and PT did block this effect, indicating that the ability of L to prevent damping is mediated by a same-cycle \"rebound\" following L's acute inhibition of melatonin production. Furthermore, NE enhanced the \"rebound\" effect of daytime L, and cycles substituting NE for L were effective in driving the melatonin rhythm. Lowering extracellular potassium did not induce a \"rebound,\" and adding exogenous melatonin did not prevent one. The difference between nocturnal melatonin synthesis after daytime R and that after daytime L or NE implies regulation of coupling between the output of the circadian pacemaker and melatonin production. These results also suggest a role for NE in regulating and maintaining the expression of the melatonin rhythm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/074873049100600204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,11]],"date-time":"2007-03-11T03:24:21Z","timestamp":1173583461000},"page":"137-147","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Light and Norepinephrine Similarly Prevent Damping of the Melatonin Rhythm in Cultured Chick Pineal Cells: Regulation of Coupling between the Pacemaker and Overt Rhythms?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Zatz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Biochemical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, Building 36, Room 2A-17, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aschoff, J. (1981) Freerunning and entrained circadian rhythms. In Handbook of Behavioral Neurobiology, Vol. 4, Biological Rhythms, J. Aschoff, ed., pp. 81-94, Plenum, New York.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-6552-9_6"},{"key":"atypb2","unstructured":"Binkley, S. (1981) Pineal biochemistry: Comparative aspects and circadian rhythms. In The Pineal Gland, Vol. 1, Anatomy and Biochemistry, R. J. Reiter, ed., pp. 155-172, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL."},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Melatonin and SCN function. 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