{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T06:48:36Z","timestamp":1777790916937,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,1]],"date-time":"1997-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":880934400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biol Rhythms"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There are no published long-term safety data on the use of melatonin for whatever purpose, assuming long term to mean more than 6 months of daily medication. In the light of its physiological role in animals, the potential deleterious effects include inhibition of reproductive function, delayed timing of puberty, and influence (when taken during pregnancy and lactation) on the circadian status of the fetus and neonate and on future development. Its interactions with other medications are virtually unexplored. For most positive effects published, there also exist negative reports. There are insufficient data on its use in organic or psychiatric disease for any evaluations to be made. There are insufficient data on dose, formulation, and consequent relationships of individual pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics for recommendations at present. However, in normal healthy adults over 18 years old, not pregnant or lactating, with no personal or family histories of psychiatric disorder, and unmedicated except for oral contraceptives and minor analgesics (if necessary), the only significant short-term side effect in the author's experience has been sleepiness following oral ingestion of synthetic melatonin (5 mg or less, oral fast release), licensed for human experimental use and for prescription on a named-patient basis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/074873049701200624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,24]],"date-time":"2007-07-24T21:13:20Z","timestamp":1185311600000},"page":"673-681","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Safety of Melatonin in Long-Term Use(?)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Josephine","family":"Arendt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","unstructured":"\u00c5kerstedt T. (1985) Adjustment of physiological circadian rhythms and the sleep-wake cycle to shift work. In Hours of Work: Temporal Factors in Work Scheduling, S Folkard and TH Monk, eds, pp 185-198, John Wiley, New York."},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137940"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Melatonin and the Mammalian Pineal","author":"Arendt J.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7041.1242"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)91586-3"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074873049701200616"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(90)90099-V"},{"key":"atypb8","volume-title":"Melatonin: From Contraception to Breast Cancer Prevention","author":"Cohen M.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074873049701200603"},{"key":"atypb10","first-page":"395","volume":"234","author":"Dubocovich MI","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(90)90302-P"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-68651-1_30"},{"key":"atypb13","author":"Garcia-Patterson A.","year":"1996","journal-title":"European Pineal Society, Sitges"},{"key":"atypb14","unstructured":"Garfinkel D., Laudon M., Nof D., and Zisapel N. (1995) Im"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91382-3"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074873049701200627"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1994.tb11818.x"},{"issue":"34","key":"atypb18","first-page":"187","author":"Kennaway DJ","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Reprod Fert"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-56-6-1103"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074873049701200626"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(96)00046-9"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1108199"},{"key":"atypb23","volume-title":"Patterns of Sexuality and Reproduction","author":"Parkes AS","year":"1976"},{"key":"atypb24","volume-title":"The Pineal","author":"Relkin R.","year":"1976"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90131-0"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074873049000500303"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074873049701200615"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5260.419"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074873048700200404"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074873049701200605"},{"key":"atypb31","first-page":"1894","volume":"33","author":"Weichmann AF","year":"1992","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"atypb32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074873049701200620"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biological Rhythms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/074873049701200624","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/074873049701200624","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:01:59Z","timestamp":1777492919000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/074873049701200624"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/074873049701200624"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/074873049701200624","relation":{},"ISSN":["0748-7304","1552-4531"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0748-7304","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-4531","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]}}}