{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:02:40Z","timestamp":1777503760942,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581379200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"BC Nurses' Union"},{"name":"Collaborative Alliances for Nurse Outcomes"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Can J Nurs Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Workplace violence is a prevalent phenomenon in the health-care sector globally, but few studies have examined its impact on nurses\u2019 use of prescribed and\/or over-the-counter medications to manage signs and symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to examine the direct and indirect effect of workplace violence, through the pathway of psychological stress responses, on nurses\u2019 frequencies of medication intake. An occupational stress and health outcomes model was tested in this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data from 551 medical-surgical nurses in British Columbia was conducted. Both emotional and physical workplace violence were examined. Emotional exhaustion and posttraumatic stress disorder were psychological stress responses to workplace violence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Emotional and physical violence from patients and\/or families were the most prevalent sources of workplace violence. Physical violence and psychological stress responses increased the frequency of medication intake after controlling for nurse characteristics. Emotional violence was not related to medication intake over and above the effect of psychological stress responses. Physical and emotional violence elicited psychological stress responses resulting in increased medication use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Workplace violence triggers psychological stress responses with adverse outcomes on nurses\u2019 health and well-being.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0844562120903914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T23:12:49Z","timestamp":1581462769000},"page":"134-144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Effect of Workplace Violence and Psychological Stress Responses on Medical-Surgical Nurses\u2019 Medication Intake"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7769-7796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farinaz","family":"Havaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maura","family":"MacPhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0844562120903914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e1717"},{"key":"bibr2-0844562120903914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3917\/th.762.0081"},{"key":"bibr3-0844562120903914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000001345"},{"key":"bibr4-0844562120903914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2165079915574684"},{"key":"bibr5-0844562120903914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jonm.12583"},{"key":"bibr6-0844562120903914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(96)00064-0"},{"key":"bibr7-0844562120903914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(03)00114-5"},{"key":"bibr8-0844562120903914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173"},{"key":"bibr9-0844562120903914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-018-0269-9"},{"key":"bibr10-0844562120903914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.01.013"},{"key":"bibr11-0844562120903914","unstructured":"Canadian Community Health Survey. (2015).\n                      Medication use\n                      . Retrieved from http:\/\/www23.statcan.gc.ca\/imdb\/p3Instr.pl?Function=assembleInstr&Item_Id=238890#qb244577"},{"key":"bibr12-0844562120903914","unstructured":"Canadian Federation of Nurses Union. (2017).\n                      Enough is enough: Putting a stop to violence in the health care sector\n                      . Retrieved from https:\/\/nursesunions.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/CFNU_Enough-is-Enough_June1_FINALlow.pdf"},{"key":"bibr13-0844562120903914","unstructured":"Canadian Federation of Nurses Union. (2019).\n                      Submission by the Canadian Federation of Nurses Unions to the House of Commons Standing Committee on Health study on violence faced by health care workers\n                      . Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ourcommons.ca\/Content\/Committee\/421\/HESA\/Brief\/BR10491795\/br-external\/CanadianFederationOfNursesUnions-e.pdf"},{"key":"bibr14-0844562120903914","unstructured":"Casey B. (2019).\n                      Violence facing healthcare workers in Canada: Report of the standing committee on health\n                      . Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ourcommons.ca\/Content\/Committee\/421\/HESA\/Reports\/RP10589455\/hesarp29\/hesarp29-e.pdf"},{"key":"bibr15-0844562120903914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anr.2016.09.001"},{"key":"bibr16-0844562120903914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqm142"},{"key":"bibr17-0844562120903914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019514"},{"key":"bibr18-0844562120903914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S114870"},{"key":"bibr19-0844562120903914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15555240.2017.1349611"},{"key":"bibr20-0844562120903914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.13950"},{"key":"bibr21-0844562120903914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8510(02)00142-2"},{"key":"bibr22-0844562120903914","unstructured":"International Council of Nurses. (2017).\n                      Prevention and management of workplace violence position statement\n                      . Retrieved from http:\/\/www.icn.ch\/images\/stories\/documents\/publications\/position_statements\/ICN_PS_Prevention_and_management_of_workplace_violence.pdf."},{"key":"bibr23-0844562120903914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-018-0183-5"},{"key":"bibr25-0844562120903914","unstructured":"Kerasiotis B., Motta R. W. (2004). Assessment of PTSD symptoms in emergency room, intensive care unit, and general floor nurses.\n                      International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 6\n                      (3), 121\u2013133."},{"key":"bibr26-0844562120903914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.13212"},{"key":"bibr27-0844562120903914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jonm.12122"},{"key":"bibr28-0844562120903914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2012.05.012"},{"key":"bibr29-0844562120903914","unstructured":"Martino V. D. (2002).\n                      Workplace violence in the health sector. Country case studies Brazil, Bulgaria, Lebanon, Portugal, South Africa, Thailand and an additional Australian study\n                      . 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Retrieved from https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/Publications\/osha3148.pdf"},{"key":"bibr46-0844562120903914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2012.03.006"},{"key":"bibr47-0844562120903914","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019373"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Nursing Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0844562120903914","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0844562120903914","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0844562120903914","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:22:23Z","timestamp":1777389743000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0844562120903914"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0844562120903914"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0844562120903914","relation":{},"ISSN":["0844-5621","1705-7051"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0844-5621","type":"print"},{"value":"1705-7051","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]]}}}