{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:01:42Z","timestamp":1777503702217,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581379200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Max Bell Foundation","award":["13-0750"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13-0750"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Can J Nurs Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Young children living in families experiencing social vulnerability, including low income, mental illness, addictions, social isolation, and\/or homelessness, are at risk of developmental delay. Two-generation programs can improve outcomes for preschool children, but underlying mechanisms and outcomes for younger children remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We explored program facilitation and identified developmental benefits of a two-generation program beginning prenatally.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In our convergent, concurrent mixed methods study, we interviewed agency staff ( n\u2009= \u200910) and held focus groups with parents ( n\u2009= \u200914). We compared child ( N\u2009= \u2009100) development between program intake and exit as measured by the Ages and Stages Questionnaires 3rd edition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our core category, Engaging From Both Sides, included (a) Mitigating Adversity (focused codes Developing Trust, Letting Go of Fear, and Putting in the Effort); (b) Continual Learning (focused codes Staying Connected, and Taking it to the Community); (c) Fostering Families (focused codes Cultivating Optimism, and Happiness and Love); (d) Unravelling Cycles of Crisis (focused codes Advocating, and Helping Parents\u2019 Parent); and (e) Becoming Mainstream (focused codes Knowing Someone Has Your Back, and Managing Stress, Anxiety, and Anger). We found significant improvements in child Fine Motor, Problem-Solving, and Personal-Social domains between program intake and exit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study adds to existing literature regarding mechanisms of two-generation programs beginning prenatally. Mitigating effects of intergenerational adversity was the primary motivation for interaction and engagement of staff and parents in two-generation programming, which improved child development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0844562120905710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T23:12:49Z","timestamp":1581462769000},"page":"117-128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Engaging From Both Sides: Facilitating a Canadian Two-Generation Prenatal-to-Three Program for Families Experiencing Vulnerability"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8343-1388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Ginn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad K.","family":"Mughal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Health Services, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marsha K.","family":"Pruett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smith College School for Social Work, Northampton, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Pruett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CUPS, Calgary, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9090-2395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Benzies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0844562120905710","volume-title":"Nurturing program for parents and children","author":"Bavolek S. 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