{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T15:33:20Z","timestamp":1777476800066,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616976000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003579","name":"university of toronto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003579","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"AFP Innovation Fund - Academic physicians, Ontario Medical Association (OMA) and the Ontario Ministry of Health and long-term care"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Can Assoc Radiol J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Historically thoracic MRI has been limited by the lower proton density of lung parenchyma, cardiac and respiratory motion artifacts and long acquisition times. Recent technological advancements in MR hardware systems and improvement in MR pulse sequences have helped overcome these limitations and expand clinical opportunities for non-vascular thoracic MRI. Non-vascular thoracic MRI has been established as a problem-solving imaging modality for characterization of thymic, mediastinal, pleural chest wall and superior sulcus tumors and for detection of endometriosis. It is increasingly recognized as a powerful imaging tool for detection and characterization of lung nodules and for assessment of lung cancer staging. The lack of ionizing radiation makes thoracic MRI an invaluable imaging modality for young patients, pregnancy and for frequent serial follow-up imaging. Lack of familiarity and exposure to non-vascular thoracic MRI and lack of consistency in existing MRI protocols have called for clinical practice guidance. The purpose of this guide, which was developed by the Canadian Society of Thoracic Radiology and endorsed by the Canadian Association of Radiologists, is to familiarize radiologists, other interested clinicians and MR technologists with common and less common clinical indications for non-vascular thoracic MRI, discuss the fundamental imaging findings and focus on basic and more advanced MRI sequences tailored to specific clinical questions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0846537121998961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]],"date-time":"2021-03-30T01:44:53Z","timestamp":1617068693000},"page":"831-845","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Canadian Society of Thoracic Radiology\/Canadian Association of Radiologists Clinical Practice Guidance for Non-Vascular Thoracic MRI"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Elsie T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto General Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Bayanati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana-Maria","family":"Bilawich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vancouver General Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felipe Sanchez","family":"Tijmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9612-6764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carole","family":"Dennie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ottawa Hospital"},{"name":"Cardiac Radiology and MRI, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Oikonomou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0000000000000072"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2018.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2433060797"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.4703"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.14132665"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0b013e318249936a"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13121104"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21871"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.11061392"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.22.suppl_1.g02oc09s79"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199503000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2018170091"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.162.2.8310910"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11110474"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.333125088"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.333125068"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199707000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20378"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rti.0000185140.02725.4e"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.6119"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/53395088"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1064-9689(21)00042-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2015.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2016150208"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1673.2007.01908.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.13.10660"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2017.08.138"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","unstructured":"Amin MB Edge S Greene F et al. (Eds.). AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 8th ed. Springer International Publishing; 2017. Accessed February 22 2021. https:\/\/www.springer.com\/gp\/book\/9783319406176"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2016.06.16"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.282075709"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.282075710"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2020200012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185115586091"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-015-3840-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2017.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017161037"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer. All Cancers Fact Sheet. 2019. Accessed February 22 2021. https:\/\/gco.iarc.fr\/today\/data\/factsheets\/cancers\/39-All-cancers-fact-sheet.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020201138"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.04.0814"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-009-1615-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2016.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015150489"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5607-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1214726"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018181159"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40644-015-0050-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11110281"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2007.10.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30090-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2018170093"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2013.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2058460118801164"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-37132012000600017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.071415"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20150987"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-006-0470-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1880070323"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0000000000000056"}],"container-title":["Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0846537121998961","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0846537121998961","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0846537121998961","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:56:54Z","timestamp":1777384614000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0846537121998961"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0846537121998961"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0846537121998961","relation":{},"ISSN":["0846-5371","1488-2361"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0846-5371","type":"print"},{"value":"1488-2361","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]]}}}